Diplomatarium
OP Dacie
Collected and edited by J.G.G. Jakobsen, Centre for Dominican Studies of Dacia.
Vol. III (1400-1499)
(the volume is under continued construction and still very far from
completion)
Last update: 2017.04.10
Index:
1482 1/7. Anna in
Lindö’s house in Blackfriars Street in Stockholm is put for sale.
1482 5/8. Anna in
Lindö sells a house in Blackfriars Street in Stockholm to Knut Goldsmith.
1482 26/8. Tile Busman
buys a house in Blackfriars Streets in Stockholm from Nils Månsson.
1482 4/12. Hans
Skimblepenning sells a house in Blackfriars Street in Stockholm to Lady Eline.
1483. Clemet Bengtsson
sells a house in Blackfriars Street in Stockholm to Gerd Pursemaker.
1484. The royal court
of King Hans of Denmark is held in Blackfriars Hall in Vejle.
1484 10/10. Dr.
Nicolaus de Dacia is transferred from the province of Dacia to Hungaria.
1484. Verner Parsberg is
buried in the church of the Friars Preachers in Holbæk.
1485 27/5. Lord Ivar
Axelsson Tott of Gotland gives 2 marks to the Friars Preachers in Visby.
1485 17/6. Lord Ivard
Axelsson Tott of Gotland gives 2 marks to the Friars Preachers in Visby.
1485 1/7. Lord Ivar
Axelsson Tott of Gotland gives 2 marks to the Friars Preachers in Visby.
1485 8/7. Lord Ivar
Axelsson Tott of Gotland gives 1 mark to the Friars Preachers in Visby.
1485 28/10. Peder
Michelsen of Skjoldelev founds an eternal mass with the Friars Preachers in
Århus.
1486 17/12. Hartvik
Jakobsson leaves 10 marks to the Friars Preachers in Turku.
1489. Marina, wife of Jöns
Andersson, leaves 20 marks to each convent in Stockholm.
1489. Lasse Larsson
lives on Blackfriars Slope in Stockholm.
1490. Lene
Tønnesdatter Rønnow is buried in the church of the Friars
Preachers in Holbæk.
1492. Staffan
Pursemaker sells a house in Blackfriars Street in Stockholm to Mats Goldsmith.
1492 9/7. Bishop
Jacobus Blå OP of Gardar resigns his episcopal office.
1492. Lector Dominicus
of the convent in Elblag is assigned to the convent in Tallinn.
1492 26/8. The resignation of Bishop Jacobus Blå OP of Gardar is announced by the pope.
1492. Reinholt Lehusen
sells a house in Blackfriars Street in Stockholm to Ingevald Torstensson.
1494 21/4. Fr. Paulus
of the Friars Preachers in Dacia pays 56 ducats in contributio ad magistri.
1494. Didrik Westphal
acquires the family home north of Blackfriars Cemetery in Stockholm.
1494. A man is fined 2
marks for impersonating a monk in Falsterbo.
1494. Albert Hertzberg
leaves 20 marks to the Friars Preachers in Tallinn.
1495. Hinrick Swarte
leaves 15 marks to the Friars Preachers in Tallinn.
1495. Diderick
Merenschede leaves 1 guilder to the Friars Preachers in Tallinn.
1495. Thyl Clotbraer
leaves 10 marks to the Friars Preachers in Tallinn.
1497. Bernt Trechouw leaves 20 marks to the Friars
Preachers in Tallinn.
1497. Jöns
Persson sells a house in Stockholm situated behind Blackfriars Priory.
1497. Gert Strobuck
leaves 10 marks to the Friars Preachers in Tallinn.
1498. Prior Henricus
Degner of the Friars Preachers in Stockholm inherits 4 pence.
1498. Two Friars
Preachers of the convent in Lübeck witness a transaction of a stall in
Falsterbo.
1498 16/10. Hinrick
Schelewendt mortgages his house situated by Blackfriars Priory in Tallinn.
1500. Vincent van Vorst
leaves 5 marks to the Friars Preachers in Tallinn.
1500. Marquard van der
Molen leaves 3 marks to the Friars Preachers in Tallinn.
1500. Gert Swartwolt
leaves 5 marks to the Friars Preachers in Tallinn.
1500. Inventory of
valuable items in the church of the Friars Preachers in Tallinn.
|
Tallinn |
Convent of Tallinn, Nation of Livonia |
The
convent of Friars Preachers in Tallinn enters a contract with the Brotherhood
of Blackheads in which it is agreed that all vestments, books, pictures,
chalices and other liturgical vessels that the brotherhood equips the church of
St. Catherine with completely belong to the Blackheads and are only to be used
by the friars for services celebrated at the Altar of Our Lady. Offerings made
to this altar and before the picture of the Holy Virgin in cash money or
livestock, when the friars are singing or reading mass there, belongs to the
convent, whereas offerings made in gold, silver, wax or fur are to be handed
over to the altar guardians appointed by the brotherhood, who in return are to
keep the altar with candles and decoration. Any additional surplus of the altar
income is to be used for the benefit of the church in agreement between the
altar guardians of the Blackheads and the lay wardens of the priory church. The
agreement is confirmed by Fr. Bertholdus, vicarius of
Livonia, Fr. Burchardus, vorstander, and Fr. Johannes Brun, superior,
and the entire convent of Friars Preachers in Tallinn, along with the lay
wardens of the priory church, Gerd Witte and Rotger Droge.
Source: Original document. Tallinn City Archives.
Language: German.
In Godes namen, amen. Witlik si alle den genen, de dessen breef zeen, horen ofte lesen, dat wi broder der predikerorden to Revele, also broder Bertold, ein vicarius to Liflande, broder Borchard, ein vorstander des conventes to Revele, broder Johan Brun, superior, und vortmer dat gemeine convent to Revele, sint eins geworden mit den vormunderen der swarten hovede to Revele unde see mit uns, alse umme dat misgewende, boke, bilde, kelke und wat se in unse kerken tugen, dat si dat minneste ofte dat meiste, des solen de voermundere der swarten hovede mechtich sien to vorwarende unde to vorstaende, ofte weme se es gunnen, mit rade der swarten hovede, sunder wederstalt der broder van sunte Katerinen to Revele. Voertmer wes dar in getuget wert in dat Godeshues sunte Katerinen, dat si dat minneste ofte dat meiste, also hir voergescreven steit, des en sole wi brodere van sunte Katerinen nine macht hebben to vorkopende, ofte to vorpandene, eder in ninerleie ander wiis ute der kerken to untferdigende, sunder to Godes dienste vor unser leven vrouwen altaer, dar se et to getuget hebben, to blivende. Und wat geoffert wert deme bilde unser leven vrouwen, dat si an golde, ofte an sulvere, ofte an wasse, ofte an werke, dat si dat minneste ofte dat meiste, dat solen de vormundere der swarten hovede to sik nemen; ut geseget wan de broder misse singen ofte lesen vor unser leiven vrouwen bilde, wes daer dan geoffert wert an reden gelde ofte an levendigen vee, de wile de brodere misse singen ofte lesen, dat solen de brodere hebben; wert dar wes anders geoffert, dat solen desse vorgescrevene voermundere der swarten hovede to sik nemen, unde tziren unde beluchten der swarten hovede altaer in sunte Katerinen kerken to Revele. Voertmer vorovert se wes dar en boven, dat solen desse vorgescrevene voermundere der swarten hovede mit rade unser kerken voermundere keren an dat Godes hues, waer mens best behovet. Dat dit stede unde vast geholden werde van uns unde van unsen nakomeligen, so hebbe ik broder Bertolt vorbenomede min ingesegel mit des conventes ingesegel an dessen breef gehangen, und to einer groteren sekercheit so hebbe wi gebeden de erbaren herren heren, also heren Gerde Witten und heren Rutgher Droghen, unser kerken voermundere, dat se mede besegelen. Gescreven und geven to Revele, in deme jare unses Heren, also men screef dusent jar ∙iv∙ hundert, des sonedags to mitvasten.
Comments: The titles of the three named friars are not all clear, but
apparently the vicarius Fr.
Bertholdus was an vicar provincial acting on behalf of the prior provincial of
Saxonia for the convents in Livonia (i.e. Riga, Tallinn and Tartu), suggesting
that the orderly unauthorized transfer of the Tallinn convent proclaimed by the
Saxonian provincial in 1399
apparently at least had some temporary validity. ● Fr. Burchardus, vorstander of the Friars Preachers in
Tallinn, was probably the prior of the convent, but the title is unusual for a
letter written by the friars themselves. Alternatively, he may have been a
temporarily appointed vicar of the convent during an interregnum of officially elected priors, or someone put in by the
Saxonians to oversee the provincial transfer? Most likely, he is identical to
the friar of the same name, who is mentioned second in a list of the entire
Tallinn convent in 1397. ●
Fr. Johannes Brun, superior in
Tallinn, was either the prior or subprior of the convent. He certainly was its
prior in 1424, when he went to Rome to supplicate on behalf of the city
council for an additional school in Tallinn. ● The letter does not
specifically mention any altar foundation, but nevertheless it appears closely
connected to a such; the Altar of Our Lady was consecrated in 1403. ● The
Brotherhood of Blackheads was an association of unmarried merchants of foreign (mainly
German) origin living in Livonia and Estonia. It claims to have been founded in
the mid-fourteenth century as a military organization aimed at defending
Christianity in Estonia, but the present document is the first extant reference
to its existence; thus, its guild-like structure was probably only formed at
this time, with its statutes being ratified by the city council of Tallinn in
1407. A department of the brotherhood was founded in Riga in 1416, followed by
other Baltic towns. The Brotherhood of Blackheads became the second-most
important guild in Tallinn, only surpassed by the Great Guild, of which
numerous of the Blackheads eventually became members after having married. The
brotherhood entered a formal confraternity with the entire Dominican province
of Dacia in 1460 18/6. Whereas the Blackheads of
Tallinn remained closely connected to the local convent of Friars Preachers,
their con-brethren in Riga chose to relate themselves to the Friars Minor
instead. ● On Gerd Witte and Rotger Droge, see 1397 28/4.
Published: Liv-, Est-
und Kurländisches Urkundenbuch 1. ser. vol.
IV no. 1503.
|
Nunnery
of Skänninge |
Lady Margareta,
wife of Ivar Nilsson, dies and is buried with the Dominican sisters in
Skänninge.
Source: Annales
266-1430.
Language: Latin.
MCDI. (…) Eodem anno obiit venerabilis pater dominus Thordo
episcopus Strengnensis circa festum Mathie et uxor domini Ivari Niclisson
nomine Margareta et sepulta ad moniales Skæningie.
Dansk oversættelse:
1401. (…) Samme år døde den
ærværdige fader herr Thord, biskop af Strängnäs, omkring
Skt. Mathias’ dag, og herr Ivar Nilssons hustru, kaldt Margareta,
(døde) og blev begravet hos nonnerne i Skänninge.
Published: Scriptores Rerum Suecicarum vol. I:1; Annales Suecici, p. 289; Annales Ordinis Predicatorum Dacie (online).
|
Tallinn |
Convent of Tallinn |
Fr.
Johannes de Renten, laybrother of the Friars Preachers in Tallinn, and his
brother Arnold van Renten settle their parental inheritance before the city
council of Tallinn. Fr. Johannes is to enjoy an annual rent of 2 marks from the
house of Peter van den Berge and a similar rent from the house of Bode
Goldsmith in Cattle Street (Karienstrate). When Johannes dies, the
former rent shall go back to his brother and his heirs, whereas the latter
rent, when both brothers have died, shall be shared equally between the house
of the Holy Ghost and the hospital of Tallinn.
Source: Das Revaler Rentenbuch.
Language: German.
Anno 1402. Anno quo supra sexta feria post penthecosten do weren hir vor deme rade heren Arndes sone van Renthen beyde, alse broder Johan, leyebroder yn deme kloester to Reuale, vnde Arnoldus van Renthen, syn broder, vnde weren des gensliken eens, also dat Arnoldus gensliken vnde deger vorlaten heuet 2 mark geldes yn Peters huse van den Berge broder Johanne vorbenomet syne dage to brukende myt alsodanigen vnderschede, wan broder Johans vurschreuene to kort wert, so zal de renthe myt deme houetgelde wedder vallen an syne negesten eruen, wen dat geboren mach. Vortmer heuet Arnoldus vorlaten synen broder Johannese van Renthen, leyebroder, 2 marc geldes in Boden goltsmedes hues, in der kariestraten belegen, Johannese vurschreuene syne dage to brukende myt alsodanigen vnderschedinge, wan erre beyder to kort wert, so sal de ene mark geldes vallen an den hilgen geist vnde de ander mark an de zieken to deme spittale tho erre vodinge vnde noettroft.
Comments: On Fr. Johannes de Renten, see 1391
24/4.
Published: Publikationen aus dem Revaler
Stadtarchiv vol. V no. 373.
|
Convent of Tallinn |
An altar
of Our Lady, St. Gertrude and St. Dorothy, founded by the Brotherhood of
Blackheads in Tallinn, is initiated along with a picture of Our Lady in
the church of the Friars Preachers in Tallinn, for which the brotherhood pays
17 marks.
Source: Concept in Tallinn Blackheads’ Denkelbuche. Tallinn City
Archives
Language: German.
Item so is unser leven vrouwen altaer gewieget
in de ere unser leven vrouwen und der hilgen juncvrouwen sunte Gertrudis und
sunte Doroteen, und dei altaer wieginge is up den sundach vor mitvasten, alse
men singet in der hilgen kerken: Oculi
mei semper etcetera, und et wort gewieget in dem jare, alse men screif
XIIIIC und III jar, alse ik et in scrif hebbe gevunden, und de
wieginge hevet wol ∙xvii∙ mark gekostet. En nobele galt do ∙iii∙
ore min dan ∙i∙ mark. Item dat bilde unser leven vrouwen dat is gewieget und gekresemet, dat
schack ok, do men dat altaer wiegede.
Comments: On the Brotherhood of Blackheads, see 1400.
● Although nothing here is stated about the location of the altar, it is
clear from other sources that it stood in the Dominican church.
Published: Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches Urkundenbuch 1. ser. vol. VI no. 2958.
|
Vadstena |
Convent of Stockholm |
The
priory of the Friars Preachers in Stockholm is destroyed in a severe city fire,
taking the lives of several of the friars.
Source: Diarium Vadstenense.
Language: Latin.
Item, anno Domini MCDVII. (…) Item, circa
festum beati Ambrosii, videlicet in secunda ebdomada pasche, concremata fuit
civitas Stokholmia igne improviso et inopinato in die clara ab hora xma
usque ad xiiam. Et
multi promiscui sexus mortui sunt in igne, quasi ad mille animas. Eciam
monasterium fratrum predicatorum conflagravit et aliqui de fratribus tunc
cremati. Valde enim ulcio divina ibi tunc desevit.
Dansk oversættelse:
Ligeledes, i det Herrens år
1407. (…) Ligeledes, omkring den hellige Ambrosius’ fest, i den
anden uge efter påske, ødelagdes staden Stockholm i en pludselig
og uventet brand ved højlys dag fra den 10. til den 12. time. Og mange
af begge køn døde i branden, næsten tusind sjæle.
Selv prædikebrødrenes kloster gik op i flammer og mange af
brødrene indebrændte. Thi der hærgede da den guddommelige
hævn voldsomt.
Published: Vadstenadiariet
no. 150, p. 108.
|
Convent of Næstved |
Queen Margrethe I of
Denmark-Norway-Sweden founds an altar dedicated to the Holy Virgin in the
priory (church) of the Friars Preachers in Næstved.
Source: Pontoppidan’s Annales
ecclesiæ Danicæ.
Language: German.
Anno 1407. (…) Der Aarhusische Thum-Kirchen schenkte die Königin Margretha zur Erbauung eines Altar und Haltung gewisser Seel-Messen, die Land-Güther Linde und Tiörebye. In dem Dominicaner-Closter zu Nestwed, ward der Altar St. Mariæ gestiftet. Dem Bildniß dieser Heil. Jungfrauen, im Closter Borglum, schenckte die Königin Margretha eine mit Edelsteinen besetzte guldene Crone (…).
Comments: It is uknown from
where Pontoppidan had this information, but both it and the year appear
absolutely genuine, as letters of receipt are preserved for the two other
mentioned ecclesiastical donations from 1407 20/2 and 1407 9/4 (DD 4. ser. vol.
XI nos. 36 and 67). ● Queen Margrethe I of Denmark-Norway-Sweden (1387-1396, de facto-regent 1396-1412) initiated the
foundation of a male Dominican convent in Vyborg in 1392 and a female house in
Gavnø in 1400, but in spite of this she appears to have had
little particular interest in the Dominican Order. The altar foundation in
Næstved may therefore be seen in connection
to her preceding foundation of the Dominican nunnery on nearby Gavnø in
1400-03, which the Order had planned to take place in Gladsaxe, Skåne,
but was moved to Gavnø at the wish of the queen. Thus, the altar could
be a compensation or reward to the Næstved friars, who now had to take
pastoral care of thr neighbouring female convent, but the altar may also have
had a more direct connection to the sisters, until they had a church of their
own?
Published: Annales
ecclesiæ Danicæ vol. II, pp. 504-505.
|
Stockholm |
Convent of Stockholm |
The boy
Olof Ingemarsson in Björby on the Åland Islands falls through the
ice while playing and drowns, but when his family promises to go on a pilgrimage
to St. Birgitta in Vadstena and to the Defixio Domini (Helga
Lösen) of the Friars Preachers in Stockholm, he miracuously returns to
life. On 1409 1/6, the boy and his mother appear in the priory in Stockholm and
tell the story to the friars in front of members of the city council.
Source: Miracula sancte crucis Stockholmie.
Language: Latin.
De puero submerso et per ∙xv∙
horas mortuo resuscitato. Primum.
Anno Domini MCCCCVIII, in festo beati Thome apostoli, Alandie in
parrochia Swndom villa que dicitur Byørnaby, puer quidam Olavus nomine
filius Ingmari alterum quendam puerum de mane
pueriliter discurrendo ad glaciem, incauteque procedens fracta glacie in aquam
cecidit, nec valens se juvare tandem post laborem submersus est. Socius autem
eius mox ut vidit eius submersionem, in proximam parrochiam scilicet Saltwijch,
territus aufugit, qui tandem de puero quod factum erat narravit. Homines autem
hoc audientes ad locum submersionis hora vesperarum pervenerunt et puerum in
mane submersum, in profundo jacentem, mortuum invenerunt. Qui cadaver extractum
agitantes, vota peregrinationis ad beatam Birgittam et tandem ad hanc
defixionis Domini memoriam cum oblationibus emiserunt. Et cum cervisiam calidam
in guttur ejus infuderunt, jam prope mediam noctem apparverunt in eo colores
varii, quos paulatim motus et oscitatio ac vox succedebant, congratulantibus
cunctis et Deo gratias agentibus, qui solus mortuis reddit vitam. Hunc puerum
vidimus sanum in profesto trinitatis hic in conventu presentem cum matre sua,
que hec omnia in bona fide et in verbo veritatis retulit, presentibus discretis
viris Hermanno Swarte proconsule, Henrico van dem Berghe et Bertramo van
Hallen. Parentes vero huius pueri in Sweciam transmigrantes morantur in
parrochia Ryalom prope Stokholmiam, predicta omnia constanter et fideliter
asserentes.
Dansk oversættelse:
Nr. 1. Om en dreng, som
druknede og efter at have været død i 15 timer atter blev vakt til
live.
I det Herrens år 1408 på apostlen Thomas’ dag skete det på Åland i Sunds sogn i en by som kaldes Björby, at en dreng ved navn Olof Ingemarsson om morgenen, uforsigtigt på drenges vis med en anden dreng sprang ud på isen. Isen brast og han faldt i vandet, [og] da han ikke trods sine anstrengelser kunne redde sig selv, druknede han til sidst. Da hans ledsager så hans drukning, løb han forfærdet til nabosognet Saltvik og berettede hvad der var sket. Mændene, der hørte derom, ankom til ulykkesstedet om aftenen og fandt den om morgenen druknede dreng liggende død i dybet. Mens liget blev trukket op, svor de at ville tage på pilgrimsfærd til Skt. Birgitta og derpå til dette mindebillede af Herrens nedtagning fra Korset (Helga Lösen). De hældte varmt øl i hans hals, og ved midnat begyndte der at komme farve i ham, og til sidst begyndte han at bevæge sig, hoste og tale. Alle glædede sig herover og takkede Gud, der som den eneste kan give livet tilbage til de døde. Denne dreng har vi set sund og frisk på trefoldighedsaften [dvs. 1409 1/6] her i klosteret med sin moder, som troværdigt og sandfærdigt berettede det hele i nærværelse af de gode mænd Herman Svarte, borgmester, Henrik van dem Berghe og Bertram van Hallen. Den pågældende drengs forældre, der siden er flyttet til Sverige og nu bor i Riala sogn nær Stockholm, har fortalt alt dette på en standhaftig og troværdig måde.
Comments: The Defixio
Domini (Helga Lösen) of the Friars Preachers in Stockholm was a
crucifix or a painting in the priory church, showing the scene of the
deposition of Christ from the cross. From the early fifteenth century at the
latest, this Cross was believed to perform miracles and therefore became centre
of its own saint-like cult. The first dated reference to Helga Lösen, at it was called in Swedish, is the one presented
here from 1408, but according to Fr. Gregorius Holmiensis, lector of the
Stockholm convent, this was only because a fire had destroyed all earlier
records of its miracles in 1407 (it may be referred to in 1377 15/6 already). The lector had since
then begun to write down the wonders worked by the crucifix, which included his
own cure from a genital pestilence in 1421, and by the time of his death in the
early 1430s, he had collected 82 tales of miracles in a Miracula defixionis Domini, to which a later scribe added another
five that took place until 1471 (Lundén 1950, v-xviii). Allegedly, the Helga Lösen saved many people
around Sweden from sicknesses and fatal situations; see for instance 1424 12/6. Donations for the Helga Lösen are also recorded in diplomas and account books,
both in form of rent-giving real estate and valuable ornaments (e.g. 1466
8/6, 1501
25/11, 1520-21); in 1486
4/2, a wax candle was stolen from the Cross. Helga Lösen and its related cult without doubt became the single
most important source of income for the Friars Preachers in Stockholm. In the
early sixteenth century a depiction of it had replaced an earlier image of St.
Peter and Paul in the prior’s seal (Hallberg & al. 1962 no. 33-34),
and in 1466 8/6 the entire priory was even termed the ‘Monastery
of the Holy Deposition’. The cult also had impact on the local secular
church, as copies of the motif are known from seven altarpieces in parish
churches of the diocese (Svanberg 1991, 321). When all the convent’s valuables
were confiscated by the king’s official in 1527, the heavily decorated
painting and/or group of sculptures of the Helga
Lösen constituted more than 11 kilograms of gilded silver, worth 52
marks (Källström 1939, 253).
Published: Miracula sanctæ crucis
Stockholmiæ no. 1; Finlands
Medeltidsurkunder no. 1289; Miracula
defixionis Domini no. 1 (pp. 6-7).
|
Lödöse |
Province of Dacia |
Fr. Raymundus,
prior provincial of the Friars Preachers in Dacia, issues a letter of
fraternity for the shoemakers’ guild in Oslo in which the guild members
due to their devoted affection for the Order are given participation in all the
pious work and good deeds performed by the friars in the entire province, along
with intercessory prayers for all deceased members to be proclaimed by the
provincial chapter after they have died.
Source: Original document. Archiv der Hansestadt Rostock.
Language: Latin.
In Dei filio sibi karissimis
universis et singulis de societate et convivio sutorum Osloye presentibus et
futuris frater Raymundus fratrum ordinis predicatorum in provincia Dacie prior
provincialis salutem et augmentum continuum celestium gratiarum. Existente vestre,
ut audivi, erga fratres nostri ordinis devocionis affectione et illius usque in
finem perdurante favorabili continuatione vestris satisfacere cupiens
desideriis vobis omnium missarum orationum jejuniorum abstinentiarum vigiliarum
laborum ceterorumque bonorum que per fratres nostre provincie, videlicet
regnorum Dacie, Suecie et Norvegie, fieri donaverit copiosa clementia
salvatoris participationem concedo tenore presentium specialem ut multiplici
suffragiorum presidio et hic augmentum gratie et in futuro mereamini vite
eterne premia possidere. Volo insuper et ordino ut anime vestre post decessus
vestros fratrum totius provincie suffragiis et orationibus recommendentur in
nostro capitulo provinciali cum vestri obitus ibidem fuerint [nun]ciati. In
cuius concessionis testimonium sigillum nostrum presentibus est appensum. Datum
Lydosie anno Domini MCDIX sabbato infra octavas ascensionis Domini.
Dansk
oversættelse:
Broder Raymund, provincialprior for
Prædikebrødrenes Orden i provinsen Dacia, til de ham med Guds
søn såre kære - alle og enhver - i skomagernes lav og gilde
i Oslo, nulevende og fremtidige: Hilsen og vedvarende forøgelse af de
himmelske nådesbevisninger. Da der, således som jeg har
hørt, hos Eder findes hengiven kærlighed mod brødrene af
vor orden, og da den i gunstig vedholdenhed varer ved ind til afslutningen, og
jeg ønsker at yde Eders ønsker fyldest, tilstår jeg Eder
med dette brevs ordlyd særlig delagtighed i alle messer, bønner,
faster, afholdenhed, vigilier, arbejder og de øvrige goder, som Frelseren
i sin rige mildhed har skænket skulle ske gennem brødrene i vor
provins, nemlig rigerne Danmark, Sverige og Norge, så at I ved
forbønnens mangedoblende værn både her kan fortjene at
besidde forøget nåde og i fremtiden det evige livs løn. Jeg
vil og forordner desuden, at Eders sjæle efter Eders død skal
anbefales på vort provincialkapitel til brødrenes forbøn og
anråbelser i hele provinsen, når Eders død bliver anmeldt
sammesteds. Til vidnesbyrd om denne tilståelse er vort segl hængt
under dette brev. Givet i Lödöse på lørdagen i ugen
efter Kristi himmelfart.
English translation:
Fr. Raymund,
prior provincial for the Order of Friars Preachers in the province of Dacia,
greets each and every one of his in Christ beloved sons within the
shoemakers’ guild and craft in Oslo, present and future members, with an
eternal increase of heavenly favours. Since there, according to what I have
heard, among you exists a devoted affection for the friars of our order, which
in favourable perseverance continues till the end, and since I wish to comply
with your requests, I hereby grant you with the wording of this letter special
participation in all masses, prayers, fasts, abstinences, vigils, works and
other good deeds that the Saviour in His rich mildness has made happen through
the friars of our province, i.e. the kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden and Norway, so
that you by the multiplied safeguard of intercession may deserve to possess
increased grace in this life as well as the reward of eternal life in the
future. I wish and ordain furthermore that your souls after you have died will
be recommended at our provincial chapter for the intercessory prayers and
invocations of the friars in the entire province, when your death has been
announced to the same place.
Comments: Fr. Raymundus, prior provincial
of the Friars Preachers in Dacia, is only known from this office, in which he
served from 1409 to 1424. During his provincialship, letters of fraternity were
introduced in the province and issued for various guilds (1409 18/5, 1418
13/2, 1424 16/4) and lay individuals (1418
7/1). In 1421 11/5 he attended the general chapter of the Order in
Metz on behalf of his province, in 1414 15/6 he asked the archbishop of Uppsala
to verify a papal bull of privileges for the Order, and in June 1423 he thanked the city council of Tallinn for
its support to the local convent in its long dispute with the cathedral chapter
regarding schools. In periods during his office he was assisted or substituted
by vicars provincial (1418 9/8, 1420 13/1). ● This is the
first known Dominican letter of fraternity from the province of Dacia. Its
formula was reproduced in numerous similar letters to follow for the rest of
the Middle Ages. ● Nothing is here stated about the convent of Friars
Preachers in Oslo, but it must be presumed that this convent had intermediated
the contact.
Published: Diplomatarium Norvegicum vol. VII no. 350; Diplomatarium
Danicum
4. ser. vol. XI no. 531.
|
(Tallinn) |
Convent of Tallinn |
Fr. Johannes van dem Røde, prior of the
Friars Preachers in Tallinn, Fr. Reymboldus, lector of the same house and the
rest of the convent – of which Fr. Johannes Narwe, Fr. Johannes
Stremelow, Fr. Johannes Beverdyek, Fr. Gerlacus, Fr. Olavus, Fr. Hermannus and
Fr. Johannes Soest are mentioned by name – enter a contract with Knight
Diderick van Vytinckhoue and his family, for whose souls the convent commits to
celebrate a daily mass in the priory church to be read at the Altar of St.
Anthony and with reading of the family members’ names from the pulpit, in
addition to a weekly sung mass on Sundays or other holidays; the knight’s
family consists of his wife Anne, his sons Hinrick and Arnd, his future
descendents and deceased ancestors, including his late first wife Alheid. In
return, the city council of Tallinn shall on behalf of the Vytinckhoue family
pay the convent an annual rent of 5 marks, one half at Easter and one half at
St. Michael’s Day. In case that the convent neglects its commitments, the
founder of the mass or his heirs together with the city council shall find
another way to use the money in the best way for the family’s salvation.
The knight’s family receives one copy of the letter, the city council
another.
Source: Original document. Tallinn City Archives.
Language: German.
Allen guden luden, de dysse yeghenwardighe scryft seen, horen efter lezen. Wy brodere, also brøder Johan van dem Røde, prior, Reymboldus, lezemester, Johan Narwe, Johan Stremelow, Johan Beverdyek, Gherlacus, Olavus, Hermannus, Johannes Soest unde dat ghemeyne co[n]vent der predikerorden eweghen heyl in gode. Wy bekennen apenbare an dysser yeghenwardyghen scrift, dat wy myt guder eyndracht unde wol beradene moede vor uns unde vor unse nakomelynghe to eweghen tiden loven, to holdende ene eweghe mysse in unser kerken to sunte Anthonius altare, des hilghen abbetes, deme erbaren strenghen ryddere, her Tyderik van Vytinckhoue, unde Annen, syner erbaren husfrouwen, gode to love unde to eren unde her Tyderikes, vorbenomet, unde Annen salicheit erer selen unde vor alle deer van Vytinckhoue rechten erven in sodaner wyse, dat wy, vorscrevenen brodere, unde unse nakomelynghe dysse vorscrevene mysse scholen daghelikes lezen, een van uns, de darto gheschicket wert. Unde desulve broder schal dechtaftich siin des vorbenomeden rydders, her Tyderikes, unde Annen, syner husfrouwen, her Hinrikes van Vytinckhoue unde Arnde, syner sønes, unde alle deryenen, de van deme slechte van Vytinckhoue, de totiden an deme levende siin, in der dechtnisse der missen, dar men der levendyghen plecht to denkende. Unde desghelyken schal he bedenken vrouwen Alheyde, de her Tyderikes husfrouwe ys ghewesen, der god gnedich sy myt alle den, de van deme erbaren slechte van Vytinckhoue, eerscreven, vorstorven synt myt allen cristenen selen, dat em god allen gnedich sy. Vortmeer so dø wy wytlik unsen broderen, de nu syn ofte to komende syn, wenner dat god dat syn doet myt her Tyderike ofte myt Anneken, syner erbaren husfrouwen, de god vryste to syner gnade, welker de erste ys van en beyden, de schal de vorscrevene broder, de to der tiid de mysse holt, vor deme altare bedenken. To deme ersten: in der dechtnisse der salighen, also derghener, de dysser mysse ersten stychter unde hovetlude an erem levende synt ghewesen. Unde darna: der anderen, de van deme slechte van Vytinckhoue vorstorven siin, alse vorescreven ys. Vortmeer schole wy brodere, voreghescreven, unde unse nakomelynghe vor demesulven altare sunte Anthonius to tyden in der weken eene mysse synghen, des sundaghes ofte an eyme anderen hilghen daghe, wen wy nyn ander fest en hebben to anderen altaren. Unde loven unde willen den vorbenomeden altar beluchten, alse wy pleghen unse anderen altare in der kerken. Vortmeer so love wy, der selen to denkende van deme predyckstole, als wy vor dat vorsprokene slechte plychtich syn. Vortmeer so sy witlik gheystlik under werlik, de dysse scrift seen ofte lesen, uppe dat wy unde unse brodere to komende holden dysse eweghe mysse to deme vorscrevenen altare, schollen hebben unde untfaen yn almyssen wyse viif mark Ryg(es) yn alsodaner munte, alse denne to Reuele ghenghe unde gheve ys, van deme erbaren rade der stad van Reuele van der Vytinckhoue weghen to twen tiden an deme jare, alzo de helfte to paschen, dordehalve mark Ryg(es), und de helfte to sunte Mycheles daghe, dordehalve mark Ryg(es), ane vortoch. Unde were dat sake, dat wy unde unse nakomelynghe dysse eweghe mysse unde puncte nicht en helden – dat Got vorbede – so dø wy mechtich her Tyderik van Vytinckhoue unde na syner tiid synen rechten erven myt dem erbaren rade der stad van Reuele, dat se keren dat vorscrevene ghelt unde summen, wor se menen, dat yt vor des erbaren rydders sele unde husfrouwen unde der van Vytinckhoue nutlik sy. In eyne tuchnisse der vorscrevenen dynghe so hebbe wy unses priors ingheseghel unde unses conventes ingheseghel vor dyssen bref ghehangen. Gheven na godes bord MCCCC in deme XI jare in sunte Ignasius daghe des hilghen mertelers. In eyne mere wytlicheit dysse puncte unde mysse so hebbe wy twe breve, eenen gheantwerdet her Tyderike unde synen rechten erven, den anderen hebbe wy gheleghet under den erbaren raed der stad, vorghescreven.
Comments: None of the nine named friars are known from other sources. ●
The city council of Tallinn in 1412 issued a
receipt for 100 marks received from Diderick van Vytinckhoue, from which the
annual interest of 5 marks was to be paid to the convent. By that time the
payment terms had changed, however, to Christmas and St. John’s Day.
Published: Revaler Urkunden und Briefe no. 89.
|
Rome |
Province of Dacia |
Pope John
XXIII appoints Jens Hennekesen ‘Rynkeby’, parish priest of Skagen,
to be papal nuncio in the kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden and Norway with the
special task of preaching a crusade against King Ladislaus of Naples, as well
as Pope Gregory XII. To fulfill this assignment, he is authorized to recruit
“priors, preachers, guardians and other ministers”for his
assistance, and these are not allowed to excuse themselves from complying with
any sort of general exemptions to perform such tasks. Eventually, the expected
means collected from this campaign is to be handed over to Nuncio Lodovico
Baglioni on behalf of The Apostolic Camera.
Source: Transcripts
in Regesta Vaticana. Vatican Archives, Rome; and Vadstena Book.
Language: Latin.
Johannes episcopus servus servorum Dei dilecto
filio Johanni Henikini dicto Rynkeby rectori parrochialis ecclesie sancti
Laurencii in Skaghen Burghlanensis dyocesis nuncio nostro, salutem ac
apostolicam benedictionem. Ad
protegendum statum ecclesie militantis cunctorum matris ac magistre fidelium ad
defensandamque nostram predilectissimam filiam almam urbem in qua divinitas
esse volvit ac jecit sue militantis ecclesie fundamenta sanctorum sanguine
rubricata Petrique sedem et partes alias nobis et prefate ecclesie subditas
quas iniquitatis alumpnus Ladislaus de Dirachio qui ausu temerario regem
Jherosolyme et Sicilie se nominat hostis nepharius et rebellis ipsius ecclesie
in fomentum scismatis ui et armis et omni hostilitate cum suis adherentibus
complicibus atque sequacibus sub obtentu nephario atque velamine perdicionis
filii Angeli Corrario heretici atque scismatici per generale Pisanum concilium
justo Dei judicio sentencialiter condempnati qui se Gregorium ∙xii∙
ausu sacrilego nominare dampnabili malignitate presumpsit hactenus et presumit
reoccupare et dare statum ipsum nostrum pariter et omnium fidelium subditorum
precipitem connititur in ruinam ipsumque Angelum cum suis sequacibus
reintrudere et reducere in ipsam urbem ac repullulare et nutrice modis omnibus
ipsum scisma et ut recuperare possimus quelibet per ipsum Ladislaum et alios
hostes ad nos et eandem ecclesiam spectancia invasa et occupata et adhoc ut cunctis pateant gesta nepharia
Ladislai et sequacium prefatorum sentenciam per nos rite recteque contra ipsum
et sequaces huiusmodi suis culpis et demeritis exigentibus prolatam pridem
universis regibus reginis prelatis principibus universitatibus et ceteris fidei
orthodoxe cultoribus ut in omnem terram exeat sonus eorum providimus per tuam
et aliorum nostrorum nunciorum industriam exhibendam et contra ipsum et alios
persecutores et hostes ipsius ecclesie atque nostros cum prefate
ecclesie apostolice camere non suppetant ad resistentiam et defensam huiusmodi
facultates vivifice crucis verbum per orbem in conspectu fidelium inherentes
predecessorum nostrorum vestigiis in virtute altissimi qui cornua deprimit
malignantium predicandum et huiusmodi rei de causa et ad imploranda subsidia in
tante necessitatis articulo discretionem tuam ad regna Dacie Swecie et
Norwegiei presentialiter destinemus quocirca discretioni tue de cuius industria
in maximis nostris et eiusdem ecclesie negociis comprobata diucius nobisque
etiam non ignote conscientie puritas virtutis constantia et fidedigna
testimonia nos informant per te vel alios in dignitatibus spiritualibus vel
magisteriis sacre pagine aut scientificis aliis gradibus doctoratuum
constitutos seu alios ad tantum negocium ydeneos quos duxeris deputandos in
regnis Dacie Swecie et Norwegie et eorum partibus predicationem presentium
auctoritate committimus exercendam in remissionem peccaminum injungentes
quatenus huiusmodi officium juxta datam eidem discretioni tue ab altissimo
providenciam devote suscipiens efficaciter et prudenter in illo procedens per
te vel alios supradictos cum omni diligencia prosequaris omnes quos ad hoc
utiles fore putaveris instantius inducendo ut hoc suscipientes cum reverencia
signum crucis ipsumque suis cordibus et humeris affigentes ad protectionem
dicte urbis et recuperationem regni et aliarum parcium predictarum nostrumque
et ecclesie prefate succursum et auxilium viriliter se accingant ac ipsius
negotium fideliter exequantur et in exterminium hostium huiusmodi
presentialiter studeant modis omnibus subvenire et ut christifideles premissa
libentius atque ferventius prosequantur quo pociorem se noverint fructum ex
suis laboribus percepturos nos de omnipotentis Dei misericordia et beatorum
Petri et Pauli apostolorum eius auctoritate confisi et illa quam nobis licet
insufficientibus meritis Deus ligandi et solvendi contulit potestatem omnibus
vere penitentibus et confessis qui huiusmodi laborem salutifere crucis signo
suscepto in personis propriis et expensis saltem per unum mensem a die quo ad
presentiam nostram seu capitanei guerre aut rectorum civitatum terrarum
predictarum se contulerint vel in huiusmodi prosecutione negocii ab hac luce
migraverint illam peccatorum suorum de quibus corde contriti et ore confessi
fuerint veniam indulgemus que transfretantibus in Terre Sancte subsidium
concedi tempore generalis passagii per sedem apostolicam consuevit et in
retributionem justorum salutis eterne pollicemur augmentum eis autem qui non in
propriis personis illuc accesserint sed suis dumtaxat expensis juxta qualitates
et facultates suas viros ydoneos destinabunt illic ad minus pro dicto tempore
moraturos et illi similiter qui licet in alienis expensis in personis tamen
propriis assumpte defensionis huiusmodi laborem impleverint et illi etiam qui
per se vel alios militare non vellent sed juxta tue declarationis vel
deputandorum ab ea arbitrium personarum qualitate pensata in pecuniis aut bonis
aliis subsidium erogabunt et etiam omnibus qui ex ordinatione nostra suis
predicationibus et suasionibus ad erogacionem huiusmodi subsidii homines
excitando induxerint cum effectu plenam in casu predicto concedimus veniam
peccatorum. Huiusmodi quoque remissionis volumus esse participes omnes qui
juxta premissorum vel alicuius eorum exigentiam ad subventionem ipsius negocii
etiam ad tue declaracionis vel commissariorum tuorum arbitrium de bonis suis
congrue ministrabunt personas insuper familias et bona ipsorum ex quo crucem
susceperint sub beati Petri protectione suscipimus atque nostra statuentes ut
sub defensione dyocesanorum suorum existant quod si quisquam contra presumpserit
per dyocesanum loci ubi fuerit per censuram ecclesiasticam appellatione
postposita compescatur. Porro ad huiusmodi salutaris negocii
efficatiam pleniorem ut eadem discretio tua tuique commissarii convocare
possitis cleros et populos ad quemcumque volveris locum
ydoneum et ibidem verbum crucis proponere ac fidelibus vere penitentibus et
confessis ad predicationem huiusmodi convenientibus ipsamque reverenter
audientibus tu unum annum ipsi vero commissarii centum dies de injunctis sibi
penitentiis a jure relaxare auctoritate apostolica valeatis ac etiam deputandi
priores predicatores gardianos et alios ministros necessarios et oportunos ad
premissa omnia exequenda assumere valeas prout oportunum fuerit non obstante
aliqua indulgentia generali vel speciali professoribus seu fratribus ordinum
seu religionum quorumlibet ab eadem sede sub quacumque verborum forma concessa
quod apostolica mandata suscipere vel exequi per
literas apostolicas in quibus de huiusmodi indulto mencio non habetur minime
teneantur vel quod excommunicari suspendi seu interdici non valeant forsitan
eis sit indultum et quibuslibet aliis privilegiis seu literis ab eadem sede
obtentis de quibus quorumque totis tenoribus in presentibus plena et expressa
mencio habenda foret et aliis contrariis non obstantibus quibuscumque plenam et
liberam tenore presentium concedimus facultatem. Ut autem predicti crucesignati
exequantur libentius et ferventius votum suum quo majoribus privilegiis fuerint
communiti auctoritate apostolica eis concedimus per presentes ut illis
privilegiis atque immunitatibus gaudeant que in generali crucesignatorum
ultramarini transitus indulgentia continentur et quod per sedis apostolice
literas vel legatorum ipsius extra suas dyoceses nisi ille que ab eadem sede
obtente fuerint plenam de huiusmodi literis fecerint mentionem non valeant
conveniri dummodo parati existant coram suis ordinariis de se querelantibus
respondere quos quidem crucesignatos per te vel tuos commissarios ecclesiastica
censura defendi cessante
appellationis obstaculo volumus illos vero qui contra huiusmodi indultum
presumpserit eosdem crucesignatos temere molestare eadem auctoritate
compescendo. Volumus autem decernentes ac mandantes quod omnes et singuli
fructus redditus et proventus jura res et bona quecumque et in quibuscumque
consistant que ex predicatione oblationibus aut subsidiis huiusmodi seu
dependentibus vel connexis quomodocumque aut qualitercumque provenient aut
obvenire poterunt ad manus dumtaxat dilecti filii nobilis viri Lodowici de
Ballionibus domicelli Perusiensis familiaris nostri in prefatis regnis et
nonnullis aliis partibus pro nobis ecclesiastica et apostolica supradictis
computorum omnium collectorum reuisoris seu deputandorum ab eo fide tamen et facultatibus ydoneorum
debeant integraliter pervenire ad nos demum et prefatam cameram per literas
cambii vel alium tutum modum celeriter ac fideliter transmittenda quem quidem
Lodowicum huiusmodi proventuum receptorem ac depositarium cum plene facultatis
officio harum serie deputamus. Datum
Rome apud sanctum Petrum ∙viii∙ ydus novembris
pontificatus nostri anno secundo.
Dansk oversættelse:
Johannes, biskop, Guds tjeneres tjener, hilsen og apostolisk
velsignelse til vor elskede søn, Jens Hennekesen kaldet
‘Rynkeby’, sognepræst for Skt. Laurentii kirke i Skagen,
Børglum stift, vor nuntius. Til at beskytte
den kæmpende kirkes stilling, alle troendes moder og mesterinde, og til
at forsvare vor højtelskede og vederkvægende datter, Rom, i hvilken
guddommeligheden ønskede at være og lagde fundamenterne for sin
kæmpende kirke ved helgenernes røde blod, Peters sæde og
andre os og førnævnte kirke underlagte egne, som uretfærdighedens
fostersøn, Ladislaus af Durazzo, som i uoverlagt vovemod kalder sig
konge af Jerusalem og Sicilien, han, ryggesløs fjende af og
oprører mod denne kirke, som til gødning for skismaet, med vold,
våben og al fjendtlighed med sine tilhængere, kumpaner og
følgesvende under skændigt påskud og ødelæggelsens
søns banner, Angelo Corrario (dømt som kætter og
skismatiker af generalkonciliet i Pisa ved Guds retfærdige dom, han som i
forvorpen helligbrøde indtil nu har tilladt sig og til stadighed
tillader sig at kaldes Gregor d. 12.), virker for at besætte og give
vores i lighed med alle rettroendes stilling til den nedstyrtende ruin og at
genindføre og genindsætte denne Angelo med dennes
følgesvende i den samme by (Rom) og for at skismaet kan spire frem igen
og få næring på alle måder; og for at vi kan genvinde
hvad som helst af det af Ladislaus selv og andre fjender invaderede og besatte,
som henhører under os og til den samme kirke og for at Ladislaus og hans
førnævnte følgesvendes skændige handlinger kan
stå åbent for alle, har vi fremskaffet den dom, som
retmæssigt og tilbørligt blev afsagt mod denne og hans
følgesvende på grund af hans krævende skyld og synd, den
dom, som, for at ordlyden om disse ting kan udgå til alverden, gennem din
og vore andre budbringeres flid skal vises for alle konger, dronninger,
prælater, fyrster, universiteter og øvrige dyrkere af den rette
tro. Da disse midler ikke er til stede for førnævnte
kirkes apostoliske kammer til modstand og forsvar mod ham og andre
forfølgere af denne kirke og os, har vi fremsendt det levende kors' ord,
idet vi følger i vore forgængeres spor, til at prædike (ved
din og vore andre budbringeres flid) til ære for den højeste, som
underkuer de ondtforvoldendes horn; og vi udpeger for nærværende
din omhu både på grund af denne omstændigheds årsag og
til at bede om støtte i dette nødvendighedens kritiske øjeblik
i Danmarks, Norges og Sveriges riger; af hvilken grund vi med
nærværende skrivelses myndighed oversender din omhu, om hvis
anerkendte flid i vore og vor kirkes største sager længe og om
hvis dyds renhed og samvittighed, ikke ukendt for os, troværdige og
vidnefaste udsagn holder os informeret, at udøve prædiken i
Danmarks, Norges og Sveriges riger og deres egne til syndsforladelse, ved dig
eller andre indsatte i åndelige værdigheder, den hellige skrifts
magistergrad eller doktoraternes øvrige videnskabelige grader eller i
det hele taget andre, du mener er passende til at deputere denne store opgave, idet
vi tilføjer, at du skal forfølge denne pligt i overensstemmelse
med den forsigtighed givet til din omhu fra Den Højeste, påtagende
dig effektivt og klogt at gå til værks i denne ved dig selv eller
andre ovennævnte med al grundighed og straks indføre alle, som du
kunne mene måtte være nyttige til dette hverv, for at de, idet de
med ærefrygt påtager sig dette korsets tegn og fæstner det i
deres hjerter og på deres skuldre, med mandig kraft binder sig til
hjælp og støtte for os og førnævnte kirke og til
beskyttelse af den omtalte by (Rom) og genvindelse af kongedømmet og de
omtalte egne, og for at de skal udføre dette (korsets) hverv trofast og
med deres person på alle måder virke ivrigt for at komme til
hjælp til udslettelse af disse fjender; og for at de troende i Kristus
hellere og mere brændende skal lægge sig efter det
førnævnte, for at de skal vide, at de vil modtage des
større belønning for deres anstrengelser, tilstår vi hin
forladelse for deres synder, om hvilke de vil være angerfulde i hjertet
og bekendende med munden, hin syndsforladelse som det har været
sædvane at tilstå gennem det apostoliske sæde til dem, der
drog over havet til hjælp for Det hellige Land på tiden for det universelle
korstog: denne syndsforladelse tilstår vi for mindst en måneds
varighed, idet vi bekender os til den almægtige Guds nåde og hans
hellige apostles myndighed og den magt til at binde og løse, Gud har
overladt os skønt af utilstrækkelige fortjenester, til alle sandt
angrende og bekendende, som (påtager sig) denne opgave, idet det
frelsebringende korsets tegn er blevet antaget i egen person og for egen
regning, fra den dag de har begivet sig til vort nærvær og mindst
en måned frem, hvad enten det drejer sig om krigsførere,
kommandanter over førnævnte lande og byer eller de drager bort fra
dette lys i udførelsen af denne opgave; og vi lover ligeledes den evige
frelses forøgelse til belønning for de retfærdige, som
ganske vist ikke i egen person begiver sig hertil, men blot i overensstemmelse
med deres beskaffenhed og evne vil sende passende mænd til at opholde sig
her i mindst det nævnte tidsrum; ligeledes til dem, som ganske vist for
andres regning, men i egen person opfylder dette antagede forsvars opgave;
ligeledes til dem som ikke vil gå i krig selv eller ved stedfortræder,
men som rejser støtte i penge eller andet gods i betragteligt omfang
ifølge din proklamations afgørelse eller til denne (proklamation)
deputerede personer; ligeledes til alle, som efter vores bestemmelse med deres
prædikener og overbevisende taler fører folk til at betale denne
støtte ved at vække begejstring; alle dem tilstår vi med
virkning i førnævnte fald fuld syndsforladelse. Vi
befaler ydermere, at alle skal tage del i tilgivelsen, som i henhold til de
førnævnte eller noget af deres nødvendige krav ifølge
din og dine kommissærers afgørelse angående deres gods
på passende vis hjælper personer eller tjenere til støtte
for dette foretagende. Og vi tager deres gods under den hellige sankt Peters og
vor beskyttelse, fordi de vil løfte korset, idet vi fastslår, at
de skal være under deres stiftsforesattes beskyttelse; hvis nogen som
helst vil vove sig imod dette ved stedets stiftsforesatte, hvor end det kan
være, skal han gendrives med kirkens straf under udeladelse af appel. Fremdeles med hensyn til en fyldigere
udførelse af dette frelsens foretagende, for at din omhu og dine
kommissærer kan sammenkalde gejstlighed og folk til et hvilket som helst
passende sted, I vil, og på det samme sted fremsætte korsets ord
til prædiken for de troende og oprigtigt angrende og bekendende, der er
samlet for andægtigt at høre på denne prædiken, skal
du med apostolisk myndighed have magt til at løse et år;
kommissærerne skal have magt til at løse 100 dage af de straffe,
der er pålagt dem, og du skal ligeledes have magt til at antage priorer,
prædikanter, guardianer og andre nødvendige og gode hjælpere
til at udføre alt det førnævnte, for så vidt det vil
være oportunt, idet ingen som helst generel eller speciel
tilståelse skænket af det samme sæde til bekendere,
ordensbrødre eller hvilken som helst form for regelbundne brødre
af hvilken som helst ordlyd skal stå i vejen, at de ikke skylder at løfte eller udføre
apostoliske befalinger gennem apostoliske breve, i hvilke benævnelsen af
en sådan tilståelse ikke haves, eller også er de måske
blevet tilstået, at de ikke formår at blive suspenderet eller
ekskommunikeret, eller i det hele taget nogen som helst andre privilegier eller
breve, erholdt fra det samme sæde, om hvilke og i hvis fulde ordlyd der
skulle være fuld og udtrykkelig benævnelse i nærværende
brev; (for at alt dette kan opfyldes,) skænker vi dig fuld og fri
mulighed ved nærværende brevs ordlyd. For at korsfarerne des mere
villigt og brændende kan udføre deres løfte, på grund
af hvilket de vil blive tildelt de større privilegier med apostolisk
myndighed, tilstår vi dem ved nærværende skrivelse, at de
skal nyde de privilegier og friheder, som indeholdes i det universelle aflad
for de korsfarere, der drager over havet; ydermere at de ikke kan formås
at kaldes for retten uden for deres stifter ved det apostoliske sædes
eller dets legaters breve, hvis ikke de breve, som de vil modtage, udtrykkeligt
nævner sådanne skrivelser, når blot de stiller op for deres biskoppelige
dommere til at svare for sig mod dem, der klager over dem, hvilke korsfarere vi
befaler skal forsvares af dig eller dine kommissærer, idet den kirkelige
straf henfalder til appellens hindring, ved i sandhed med den samme myndighed
at undertvinge dem, som i modstrid med denne tilståelse vover at skade de
samme korsfarere. Men vi befaler, idet vi afgør og bestemmer, at hver og
en indtægt, indkomst, gave; afgrøde, rettighed, ting og gods af en
hvilken som helst art og i en hvilken som helst form de end måtte
være, det være sig gaver eller hjælpeforanstaltninger eller
betalinger eller en kombination af disse som kommer eller vil komme fra
prædikenen, hvordan end eller på hvilken som helst måde det
end måtte ske, ubeskadiget kun bør nå frem til vor elskede
søns, Ludovico Baglionis hånd, statholder for os i Perugia og i
førnævnte riger og adskillige andre ovennævnte kirkelige og
apostoliske egne, vor tjener, revisor for alle regnskaber og indsamlinger,
eller til de af ham deputerede, passende i henseende til troskab og evner, for
derefter hurtigt og hæderligt at blive oversendt os og
førnævnte kammer ved omvekslingsbreve eller anden sikker
måde; vi udnævner Ludovicus til modtager og opbevarer af disse
indtægter med den fulde evnes pligt til regnskab for disse ting. Givet i Rom ved San Pietro 8. dag før idus i november i vort pontifikats
andet år. (DRB 4. ser. vol. XII no. 314.)
Comments:
Although the orderly affiliation of the “priores predicatores gardianos et alios ministros” enjoined to assist Jens Hennekesen
is not explicitly stated, the chosen terms, the words of their exemption and
their earlier involvement with such tasks leave little doubt that the pope
meant the orders of Friars Preachers and Friars Minor – probably
supplemented with monks of the Brigittine Order, as a transcript of the bull
was included in the contemporary letter book of Vadstena Abbey. None of the
orders are, however, likely to have felt much inclined to preach crusade
against a pope. ● Jens Hennekesen ‘Rynkeby’ was apparently an
ordinary parish vicar of St. Lawrence Church in Skagen, Denmark. He is not
known for any other engagements and it remains an open question how he had
attracted the attention of John XXIII. He was still in office as papal (sub)
collector in 1412 and as parish priest of Skagen in 1414. ● Lodovico
Baglioni of Perugia had acted as chief papal collector of Scandinavia, Germany
and Bohemia since 1398.
Published: Diplomatarium Norvegicum
vol. VI no. 379; Svenskt Diplomatarium vol. II no. 1490; Diplomatarium
Danicum 4. ser. vol. XII no. 314.
|
Tallinn |
Convent of Tallinn |
The city council of Tallinn receives 100 marks from Zander Meke from which the council is to pay an annual interest
of 5 marks to the Friars Preachers in Tallinn, divided in two payments at
Christmas and St. John’s Day, for a perpetual mass to be held by the
friars.
Source: Das Revaler Rentenbuch.
Language:
German.
Sander
Mekes. Predicatores ene ewige misse.
Int jar, alse hijr vorscreuen
steet, 1412, do entfenge wij mit vulbord vnd wijtschop vnser aller, alse wy
borgermestere und rad to Reualle, to vnser stad behoff vnd prophijte van deme
erzamen manne Tzander Mekes hundert mark ryg. dar wy alle jar van geuen solen
to renthe den zwarten moeniken to sunte Kathrynen, alse 10 ferd. vppe de
hochtijd to wynachten, vnd 10 ferd. vppe de hochtijd to sunte Johanse to
middenzomere; vnd dar de brodere vorscreuene Tzandere vorbenomed ene ewige
mysse vor holden solen.
Comments: The entry is only dated to the year 1412,
but the council must have received the money before 1412
15/7, when it was lent out to Peter van der Volme. ● The identity
and social background of Zander Meke is unknown. According to the entry of 1412 15/7, the perpetual mass was founded both by
himself and his unnamed wife. ● The exact nature of the financial
arrangement is unclear, since the borrower of the money, Peter van der Volme,
was not obliged to pay an annual interest of 5 marks to the Friars Preachers,
but 6 marks to a chapel in the Church of St. Nicholas in Tallinn at a different
time of year. Apparently, the interest payments to the convent came from the
city council directly regardless of whom (and at what rate) the money was lend
to.
Published: Publikationen aus dem
Revaler Stadtarchiv vol. V no. 1437.
|
Tallinn |
Convent of Tallinn |
The city council of Tallinn lends 100 marks, which Zander Meke and his
wife gave to the Friars Preachers in Tallinn, to Peter van der Volme for an
annual interest of 6 marks to be paid at Easter to the vicar of St.
Mathew’s Chapel in the Church of St. Nicholas in Tallinn.
Source: Das Revaler Rentenbuch.
Language: German.
Item int jar, alse hijr vorscreuen steet
[1412] vppe dussen vorscreuen dach [an aller apostel dage], do bekande noch vor
vnseme zittenden stole des rades Peter van der Volme, dat he heuet entfangen
mit vulbord syner husvrouwen hundert mark ryg. van vnseme rade, (de Tzander
Mekes vnd syne husurouwe den broderen sunte Kathrynen ghe[gheuen],) dar Peter
alle jar van geuen sal to renthe vppe de hochtijd to paschen 6 mark ryg. to der
vicarie to sunte Matheus capellen in sunte Niclawes kerken. (…)
Comments: The sentence about the money being given to
‘the friars of St. Catherine’ is a later addition. ● On
Zander Meke and the trust fund of 100 marks in benefit of the Friars Preachers
in Tallinn, see 1412 before 15/7.
Published: Publikationen aus dem
Revaler Stadtarchiv vol. V no. 479.
|
Tallinn |
Convent of Tallinn |
The city council of Tallinn receives 100 marks from Knight Diderick van Vytinckhoue from which the council is to pay an annual
interest of 5 marks to the Friars Preachers in Tallinn, divided in two payments
at Christmas and St. John’s Day.
Source: Das Revaler Rentenbuch.
Language: German.
Her Dirick Vitinckhaue rittere -
predicatoribus in Reualia.
Int
jar vnßes heren 1412 do entfenge wij borgermestere vnd rad der stad
Reualle mit witschop vnd vulbord vnser aller to vnser stad nutticheit vnd
prophijte van deme erzamen strengen rittere hern Diderike van deme Vytinckhoue
hundert mark ryg. dar wy alle jar van geuen solen to rente vyff mark ryg. den
predikerbroderen to sunte Kathrynen bynnen der stad, alse 10 ferd. uppe de
hochtid to wynachten vnde 10 ferd. vpp sunte Johannes dach, vnd dar de suluen
brodere deme vorbenomeden heren Diderike alle jar von don solen, alse er breff
utwyset, den se eme dar vpp ghegeuen hebben.
Comments: The arrangement was established by Knight
Diderick van Vytinckhoue in 1411 1/2 to fund a
daily mass to be celebrated at the Altar of St. Anthony in the church of the
Friars Preachers in Tallinn for the knight and his family. The payment terms of
the original agreement was Easter and St. Michael’s Day.
Published: Publikationen aus dem
Revaler Stadtarchiv vol. V no. 1436.
|
Genoa |
Convent of Roskilde, Province of Dacia |
Fr. Nicolaus Laurentii of the Friars Preachers in Roskilde represents
the province of Dacia as diffinitor at the general chapter in Genoa.
Source: Acta capitulorum
generalium OP. Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze.
Language: Latin.
In nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti. Hec sunt
acta capituli generalis apud Januam provincie Lombardie sub reverendissimo
sacre theologie doctore fratre Thoma de Firmo magistro ordinis predicatorum in
festo pentecostes quod fuit undecima junii celebrati anno Domini MCCCCXIII,
existensibus diffinitoribus fratribus: Fernando de Achellis, bachalario
provincie Yspanie; Johanne Dignitati, sacre theologie magistro, priore
Tholosano; Petro Bara, sacre theologie magistro, inquisitore Lugdunensi
provincie Francie; Rogerio de Firmo priore Firmano provincie sancti Dominici;
Michaele de Senis, sacre theologie magistro provincie Romane; Johanne de
Anfraghola, bachalario Neapolitano provincie Regni; Johanne Miltenberch, sacre
theologie magistro provincie Theutonie; Andrea de Constantinopoli, provincie
Grecie; Nicholao Beler, priore Glogoviensi provincie Polonie; Nicholao
Laurentii Rosgheldenensi provincie Dacie; Guidone de Clausallo, priore
Avinionensi et sacre theologie magistro provincie Provincie; Jacobo de Pergamo,
sacre theologie magistro provincie Lombardie; Hermanno Embech, sacre theologie
magistro provincie Saxonie; Nicholao de Jadra, lectore Jadrensi provincie
Dalmatie. (...)
Comments: Fr. Nicolaus Laurentii Roschildensis (Niels Laursen af Roskilde) of the Friars
Preachers in Roskilde is most likely identical to the vicar provincial, who
witnessed a mortgage redemption at the Dominican Nunnery of St. Agnes in
Roskilde in 1420.
Published:
Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum vol. XXVI, p. 293.
|
Convent of Haderslev |
Last will and
testament for Anders Jensen ‘Tangebjerg’ in which he leaves 1 mark
Lübeck for the Friars Preachers in Haderslev along with 1 ounce of grain
for the convent’s picture of the Holy Virgin.
Source: Transcript by Langebek, 18th
cent. The Danish National Archives, Copenhagen.
Language: Latin.
In nomine Domini
amen. Ego Anders Jensson dictus Tangæbierth,
licet corpore debilis, tamen mente sanus, attendens, quod breves dies hominis
sunt, et nihil certius morte et eius hora nihil incertius, ideo de bonis mihi a
Deo collatis testamentum facio et ordino in hunc modum: Primo lego ecclesie
beate Marie virginis in Hadersløff unam curiam in Fielstorp, in qua
residet Johannes Petri, et nigrum equum meum Rawenwilde cum armis meis. Item
domino Johanni Michaelis canonico Haderslevensi nigrum equum in valore ∙xvi∙
marcarum Lubicensium. Item parochiali ecclesie mee ∙iiii∙ marcas
Lubicenses. Item ecclesie Fielstorp ∙iii∙ marcas Lubicenses. Item
ecclesie Odensbek ∙i∙ marcam Lubicensem. Item claustris in
Hadersloff et in Koldingh, cuilibet ∙i∙ marcam Lubicensem.
Item capelle beati Georgii in Hadersløff ∙i∙ marcam Lubicensem. Item ymagini beate virginis
in claustro in Hadersløff ∙i∙
oram annone. Item domino Andree in Heghels cappam meam nigram. Item Erico Petri
griseam equam. Item Tostoni ∙i∙
nigrum polidrum cum equicio eunte[m]. Item Mettæ Hennikes ∙ii∙
marcas Lubicenses. Item Gretæ ∙i∙ marcam Lubicensem. Item
Cristine ∙i∙ marcam Lubicensem. Item Esberno ∙j∙
marcam Lubicensem. Item Tostoni tunicam meam. Item proprietatem possessionis in
Beyerholm ad usum canonicorum Haderslevensium, si dominus Johannes Michaelis et
alii canonici voluerint ipsa bona redimere. Item Hinrico Scroder ∙i∙
marcam Lubicensem. Item Petro Land ∙i∙ balistam. Item Johannis
Jepsson unam balistam. Item Petro Hyrdhæ unum jumentum. Item Johanni
Nielsson ∙viii∙ solidos Lubicenses. Item sorori mee in claustro ∙i∙
marcam argenti. Item sorori mee in Fyen pannum ad sufficientiam unius tunice.
Item Nicolao Deghen capucium meum. Item Nicolao Andersson ∙i∙
balistam, quam dedit mihi dominus Magnus Lawson, et ∙i∙ par
caligarum. Item domino Magno Lawson militi unum annulum aureum. Item Andree
Knudsson ∙i∙ oram annone. Executores huius testamenti constituo
dominum Johannem Michaelis canonicum Haderslevensem et Ericum Peærson.
Scriptum anno Domini MCDXIII quarta feria ante festum nativitatis beate Marie
virginis. In cuius rei evidentiam sigillum meum una cum sigillis virorum
discretorum domini Johannis Michaelis canonici Haderslevensis, Erici Petri
armigeri predictorum necnon Andree parochialis in Heyels presentibus est
appensum. Item convivio beate Marie virginis in Hadersleff lego ∙i∙
oram annone.
Dansk oversættelse:
I Herrens navn, amen. Jeg Anders Jensen kaldet Tangebjerg (...) ordner og opsætter mit testamente for det gods, som Gud har forundt mig, på følgende måde: (...) Ligeledes klostrene i Haderslev og Kolding, hver 1 mark lybsk. Ligeledes Skt. Jørgens Kapel i Haderslev 1 mark lybsk. Ligeledes billedet af den hellige jomfru i klosteret i Haderslev 1 øre korn. (...) Til bevis for dette er mit segl sammen med segl tilhørende de gode herrer Johannes Mikkelsen, kannik i Haderslev, Erik Pedersen, fornævnte væbner, samt Anders, sognepræst i Hejls, hængt under dette brev. (...)
Comments: The edition by
Erslev misses the part about the donation for the picture of the Holy Virgin. ●
Anders Jensen ‘Tangebjerg’ or ’Stangeberg’ was a
locally-based esquire, whose exact residence is unknown, but it must have been
somewhere north of Haderslev, perhaps in Halk parish. He was the son of Jens Tongbergh, known in southern Jylland in
1388 25/4 (Danmarks Adels Aarbog
1901, 443). The byname may refer to a farm or manor called Tange in Halk
parish, known from the early sixteenth century.
Published: Aarsberetninger fra Geheimearchivet vol. II no. 7; Erslev, Testamenter... no. 80.
|
Convent of Tallinn |
Last will and testament for Hans Lindenbeke, burgher in Tallinn, in
which he leaves 3 marks to the Friars Preachers in Tallinn.
Source: Original document. Tallinn City Archives.
Language: German.
In Godes namen, amen. (…) so hebbe ik Hans Lyndenbeke (…) min
testament und minen lesten willen in dusser mate to werdene und to blivende.
Int erste so bevele ik min lif und mine sele in de hande des almechtigen Godes,
des name gelovet und geert si sunder ende, amen. Item so beschede ik und geve
der doem kerken ∙ii∙ mark Rig. tom buwe, item der suster kerken ∙i∙
mark R. to dem buwe, und to der ewigen beluchtinge vor deme hilgen sacramente
darsulves ∙i∙ mark R. Item s. Olaves kerken ∙ii∙ mark
R. tom buwe, item der moennike kerken ∙iii∙ mark R. tom buwe, item
des hilgen geestes kerken ∙i∙ mark R. tom buwe und den seiken
darsulves ∙i∙ mark in de hant to delende, und der husarmen tafelen
darsules ∙iv∙ mark R. Item s. Niclawes kerken ∙x∙ mark
R. tom buwe. Item s. Barbaren capellen ∙i∙ mark R. tom buwe. Item
s. Johannes kerken tome spetate ∙i∙ mark R. tom buwe, und den
seiken dar sulves ∙i∙ mark R. in de hant to delende. (…) Gescr. na
Godes bord MCCCC und XIV jar, an s. Benedictus dage.
Comments: Although it is not stated explicitly that
‘the monks’ church’ was the Dominican, this was the only male
monastic community in Tallinn.
Published: Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches
Urkundenbuch 1. ser.
vol. V no. 1965.
|
Tallinn |
Convent of Tallinn |
The prior and convent of the Friars Preachers in Tallinn, along with the
lay wardens of St. Catherine Church, enter an agreement with Hinrick Lubbeke and
his family that the friars are allowed to construct eight pillars to support
the wall of the priory church into the neighbouring ‘Lady Garden’
of the Lubbeke family. In return, the friars promise to keep and open door
between the house/yard of the wife and the cemetery in the lifetime of herself
and the children of their son. Furthermore, the convent is to say one perpetual
mass at the high altar along with three weekly masses and one reading from the
pulpit for eternity for the souls of Hinrick Lubbeke, his wives and their
children.
Source: Das Revaler Rentenbuch.
Language:
German.
1414.
Monneken kerke: wo se by de pyller kumpt in dem husgarden negest der kercken.
In godes namen amen. Item so hebben
enghedregen de prior vnd dat gantze couent der prediker brodere vnd de
vormundere der kerken der hilgen juncvrouwen sunte Kathrynen mit der erzamen
vrouwen hern Hinrick Lubbekens husvrouwen und eres vormunders vnd mit eres sons
kinder vormundere, alse dat se ouerghegeuen hebben mit beradenem vryen willen,
dat de prior vnd dat couent und de vormundere leggen mogen vnd scholen 8 pylre
in der vrouwen garden vnd eren hoff vmme stuttynge willen der hilgen kerken to
all ereme willen, alze dat gude lude derkennnen mogen vnd kunnen dattet der
kerken nütte vnd prophytlik komet to der bestendicheit. Vnd hijr vore so
salme her Hinrick Lubbiken vnd der vrouwen und eres sons kindern dusse
nagescreuene artticle helden tor ewicheit. Int erste salme de porten weder zetten,
de in der vrouwen hoff gheet van deme kerckhoue. Vnd de porte sal stan to der
vrouwen lyue vnd to eres sons kinder liue alle de wyle, dat er een leuet vnd
dat en dat erue to hort. Vnd weret zake, dat dat erue den kindern affhandich
worde, alze dat en dat erue nycht to en horde, so salme de porten weder to
muren. Item so scolen de brodere helden hijr vore hern Hinrike, der vrouwen vnd
den kindern vor se vnd vor ere lyffhouede zele ene ewige misse alze vor deme
altare by dem hilgen sacramente in deme kore, alse drey mysse in der weken tor
ewicheit vnd ene ewige dechtnisse van deme predikstole, alse de zele plecht to
denkende. Item so salme de vinstere vorwaren vnder deme kore mit thralyen, alze
dat dar nyn schade dor ene schee in den garden. Item offt men dat hus speren
vnd decken wil, so mach men dar bracken ut scheten to dem kerkhoue wart darme
ronnen vpp leggen mach, de dat water dregen vppe de strate. Vnd dit wilt de
brodere vnd de vormundere sunte Kathrinen stede vnd vaest holden, alze
vorscreuen steet, vppe dat se de pylre to beqwemicheit der kerken leggen mogen
na ereme willen.
Van braken to stekende vp der
monneke kerckhoff an dem huße darby.
Published: Publikationen aus dem
Revaler Stadtarchiv vol. V no. 513.
|
Tallinn |
Convent of Vyborg |
Gerd van der Beke in Tallinn decides that out of Wynold Klinte’s
legacy 1 mark should be given annually at St. Michael’s Day to the son of
Hinze Gruter, who is presently with the Friars Preachers in Vyborg and for whom
Everd Hollogher is guardian.
Source: Das Revaler Rentenbuch.
Language:
German.
Int jar
alze hijr vorscreuen steet [1415] des ersten dages na vnses heren hemeluard, do
verleyd vor vns her Gherd van der Beeke ene mark geldes in Boeden goltsmedes
hus to den almyssen, de men alle weken gyfft den zeyken to dem spettale.
(…) Item so vorlate ik noch in her Wynold Klyntes erue ene mark geldes
Laurens vormans kinde, dar her Parenbeke vormunder to is, de renthe vpp paschen
ut to geuende. Item so vorlate ik noch Hintze Ghruters kinde ene mark geldes,
ok in her Wynold Klyntes erue, de renthe vpp Mychelis ut to geuende vnd de
junge de is tho Wyborch in deme klostere; vnd her Euerd Hologere is dar
vormunder tho de renthe, is to syme leuende; dar na an de negesten.
Comments: The name of Hinze Gruter’s son of the
Friars Preachers in Vyborg is not known. Apparently he was still not of age in
1415, since Everd Hollogher was his guardian. ● Everd Hollogher was mayor
of Tallinn in 1424 (PRS vol. V no. 671).
Published: Publikationen aus dem
Revaler Stadtarchiv vol. V no. 527.
|
Stockholm |
Convent of Stockholm |
Hans Jung,
secular priest and prebend-holder in Uppsala, declares before the mayor and
representatives of the city council of Stockholm, assembled in the priory of
the Friars Preachers in Stockholm, that neither Provost Olof Magnusson nor any
other members of the cathedral chapter of Uppsala in any way had urged or paid
him to go to Rome or Konstanz to launch an appeal against Archbishop Jöns
of Uppsala.
Source: Original
document. The Swedish National Archives, Stockholm.
Language: Middle Low
German.
In den namen des Heren. Witlik sy alle den ghenen, de dissen openen breeff efte publicum instrumentum seen, høren efte lesen, dat in den jaren des Heren also man schref dusant virhundert in dem souenteyden jare vppe den virden dach des Meymonden in der achten stunde vor myddage in dem prediker-broder kloster to Stocholm in myner jegenwardichgeit oppenbar schriuers an dem namen hir vnder geschreuen, stonden de erlike lude also by namen genat her Englike Lorenberg, borghermeyster, her Cristofer van Dunsen, her Lodwik Dyrschede, ratmanne, Arndh Gere vnde Wernar Gest, borgere der stat Stocholm, do vragede vorbenomet her Cristofer her Hanse Junghen, prester vnde prebendate to Vpsale, des suluen bisschedoms, van des erliken vnde Vorsichtigen heren wegen her Olaff Magni domprost to Vpsale ere benømet, efte eme de sylue domprost efte jemant van dem capitel to Vpsale rat edder daeet edder hulpe mit pennyngen efte anderre ware hedde gedaen, gegeuen edder gelegen, efte jemant van eren wegen, hemeliken edder openbare in jenigherleye maten, dat he vt schulde varen to Rome efte to Constans den erliken herren herre Jøns, van Godis genaden erghebiscop to Vpsale, to berøchtende mit der appellacien de he wedder ene vpsatte vp de kerkedøre to Vpsale, da antwarde de vornømede her Hans Jungh, leggende syne hant vppe syne burst vnde sprach: so helpe my Got vnde ik segge dat by miner samwittichgeit, dat my de domprost efte jemant van dem capitel nye en gaff raet edder daet efte hulpe to appellerende efte jenigherleye dønde an to siande efte to bedryuende wedder den vorgeno[me]den ergebiscop, sunder de sulue domprost vnde capital van Vpsale my alle tijt hebben aff geraden vnde aff gestyret jenige sake to vørende wedder den vorno[me]den erghebiscop. Ouer disse vraghe vnde antwerde bat my notarie hir nageschreuen de erewerdige man her Christoffer van Dunsen eyn instrumentum ouir to makende to groteren louen warheit vnde wisheit disser vorgescreuen vrage vnde antwarde van des vorgenomeden domprostes wegen.Vnde ik Konradus van Kollen oppenbar schriuere van des stoles to Rome vnde des keysers macht wegen vnde clerik vt dem ergebiscopisdom van Kollen, dar vmme dat ik dar hebbe øuer vnde an gewest, do de vornømede wort geschegen mit vragen vnde antwarden also vorschreuen is, vnde ok byn dar to mit vlite des rechtis gebeden vnde geseen hebbe vnde gehort disse vorgeschreuen stucke, saken vnde artikel, so hebbe ik dit instrumentum publicum mit miner egen hant syluen geschreuen vnde in disse openbare formen gebrach vnde settet vnde hebbe dit gemerket mit mynen teyken vnde mynen namen also my gewonheit is mit der anhanginge der ingesegele borgermeister, ratlude vnde borgere vorgeschreuen to louen vnde oppenbare tych der warheit.
Comments: Hans Jung, secular priest and holder of
a prebend in Uppsala, is only known from two instances. The exact nature of his
conflict with Archbishop Jöns of Uppsala (see below) is not known, but
Hans apparently felt it safer to stay inside the Dominican priory in Stockholm
to enjoy its monastic asylum, which is probably why the testimony to the city
council was delivered here. In 1417 16/5, the
same city council could announce that the archbishop had violated the asylum
and let his armed men arrest Hans in the refectory of the friars. ● Jöns Gerekesson (†1433) was
archbishop of Uppsala in 1408-1421. He soon gained many opponents and enemies,
who claimed he was a most unholy man and generally unworthy of his office;
several sources suggest that the accusations were not completely unjust. He was
certainly not on good terms with neither the Friars Preachers nor the canons
secular of his own diocese. As mentioned above, Archbishop Jöns allegedly
let his men break the monastic asylum of the Dominican priory in Stockholm in
order to arrest Hans Jung (1417 16/5), and in July
1420, the cathedral chapter issued a letter of complaints against the
archbishop, which was testified by Fr. Tidemannus of the convent in Sigtuna.
Jöns Gerekesson was finally deposed as archbishop by the pope in 1421-22,
but managed to get electeded as bishop of Skálholt on Iceland in 1426,
where his was killed by drowning in 1433.
Published: Svenskt
Diplomatarium vol. III
no. 2355.
|
Stockholm |
Convent of Stockholm |
The mayors and city
council of Stockholm declare how Archbishop Jöns of Uppsala had let his
armed henchmen make a forced entry into the priory of the Friars Preachers in
Stockholm, while the brethren were sitting in the refectory, where the
intruders made a violent arrest of the secular priest Hans Jung of the diocese
of Uppsala, who sat at the table with the prior and the friars.
Source: Contemporary
transcript. The Swedish National Archives, Stockholm.
Language: Latin.
Nos proconsules et consules civitatis Stokholmensis presentium deductione literarum recognoscamus publice protestantes, quod anno Domini MCCCCXVII, ∙xxv∙ die mensis aprilis, hora post meridiem quasi sexta reverendus pater et dominus, dominus Johannes, archiepiscopus Upsalensis, cum quibusdam clientibus suis armata manu claustrum fratrum predicatorum intra nostre civitatis septa situatum vi et violentia intravit, ipsis fratribus penes mensam in suo refectorio cenandi gratia discunbentibus, cum vero iidem clientes in ipsum refectorium irruissent, archiepiscopo de foris stante, quosdam fratres ne dampnabilior fieret violentia renitentes et precipue priorem ipsius domus tribus gladiis extractis et contra pectus eius directis hostiliter removerunt, sicque discretum virum dominum Johannem Jung, presbiterum Upsalensis dyocesis, in mensa cum priore et fratribus dictis sedentem, qui pridem quandam appellationem contra eundem dominum archiepiscopum ex certis quibusdam causis ad apostolice sedis interposuerat audientiam, truculenter impecierunt, dicentes: "Sedes tu hic domini nostri archiepiscopi traditor!" - et cum evaginatis cultris et pugionibus suis enormiter sauciarunt, quatuor aut quinque wlnera capiti ac faciei eius infligentes usque ad sanguinis nimiam effusionem, ita ut facies eius et vestes ubique apparerent cruore profuse; tali quippe modo enormissimo eundem dominum Johannem, lesum gladiis et pugionibus atque dispoliato cooperimento sui capitis, extraxerunt de refectorio, contundentes pectus et caput ipsius presbiteri suis manicis ferreis, ut postea per aliquot dies ex conquassatione tali sanguinem evomeret nimio tactus dolore; quidam etiam dictorum clientum nomine Benedictus Nesbo ipsum graviter in dextrum brachium wlneravit cultro, quem manu tenebat; demum ipsum presbiterum extractum et ereptum claustro, licet plurimum quantum poterat restitisset, de cimiterio extraxerunt et postea per vicos et plateas trahentes perduxerunt veluti latronem aut malefactorem. Hec premissa iidem prior et fratres coram nobis lamentabiliter contestantes asserverunt sic in veritate contigisse prout superius narratur et ponitur. Tandem ipsum ad forum, quod dicitur Corntorch, pertraxerunt, eodem domino archiepiscopo immediate sequente et suos ad trahendum animante, multis ibidem confluentibus ad tam detestabile spectaculum pueris et juvenibus et ceteris utriusque sexus hominibus cumque clamore sedulo pro sui liberatione ipsorum confluentium invocasset opitulamen et voluntarium gressum passim traxisset virtute utique divina per quendam pauperem mutum, sese audacter in medium armatorum ingerentem, oranti insidiantium manibus eripiebatur atque ad prefatum claustrum reducebatur. Super hiis premissis, quia nostre civitatis communitati tam notaria sunt, quod nulla tergiversatione celari possunt, providus vir Henricus Swinge et honesta patrona Elizabeth, soror ipsius domini Johannis nostri curati in nostro consistorio constituti instanter pecierunt ut presentes literas divine veritatis intuitu sigilli nostre civitatis recognitura communiremus, nos vero considerantes ex prioris et fratrum predictorum recognitione ac assertione veridicis coram nobis factis ac etiam quorundam fidedignorum civium nostrorum non fictis de relatibus premissa omnia et singula sic prout superius enarrantur in veritate accidisse, quamobrem presentes literas in ipsius facti evidenciam et firmiorem fidem duximus sigilli dicte nostre civitatis appensione roborandas. Datum anno Domini MCCCXVII, dominica, qua cantatur vocem jocunditatis annunciate.
Comments: On Archbishop
Jöns of Uppsala and Hans Jung, see 1417 4/5.
● The stated date of the arrest, 25 April 1417, somewhat disagrees with
the fact that the city council met with Hans Jung in the Dominican priory on 4 May, where nothing of such a preceding event is
mentioned. If all the stated dates are true, the archbishop then soon must have
released Hans again after the arrest to let him return to his Dominican asylum.
Published: Svenskt Diplomatarium
vol. III no. 2360.
|
Vadstena |
Convent of Helsingborg |
The town of Helsingborg burns down with castle and churches, only the
priory of the Friars Preachers is spared.
Source: Diarium
Vadstenense.
Language: Latin.
Anno Domini MCD decimo octavo.
(…) Eodem anno, in crastino Olavi conflagrabat tota civitas Helsingborgh
simul cum castro et ecclesiis preter claustrum. (…)
Dansk oversættelse:
Det Herrens år 1418. (…)
Samme år dagen efter Skt. Olav nedbrændte hele staden Helsingborg
tillige med slottet og kirkerne undtagen klosteret. (…)
Comments: The Vadstena Diary does
not mention the order to which the priory belonged, but no other monastic
institution but the Dominican is known in medieval Helsingborg. ● The
fact that the priory was spared from the town fire may indicate that the
buildings were situated slightly outside the actual urban area.
Published:
Scriptores Rerum Suecicarum vol. I, p. 139; Bååth,
Helsingborgs historia, pp. 57-58; Vadstenadiariet no. 287, p. 160.
|
Convent of Tallinn |
Last will and testament for Ludwig Egenolff in which he leaves 20 marks
to the ‘Black Monks’ (:Friars Preachers) in Tallinn.
Source: Original document. Tallinn City Archives.
Language: German.
In nomine Domini, amen. Wente alle lude dotlik
sien etcetera. So heb ik Lodewich
Egenolff overtrachtet (…) minen lesten willen gentzliken gesat to blivende,
als hir na gescreven steit, id en si dan, dat ik dessen sulven lesten willen
mit levendiger stemme wederrope. Int erste sal
min herre, de meister to Lyfflande, und sin orden van alle mime gude to voren
up heven de hundert marg Rig., als siner genaden breff utwiset, hiir an
gepresselt. Item so geve ik und bescheide miner suster kindere in Dutsche lande
hundert marg Rig. (…). Item geve ik to sunte Nicolaus kerken to Revale
vifftein marg. Item geve ik to sunte Olavus kerken darsulves vifftein marg. Item
geve ik to den swarten moniken dar sulves twintich marg. (…) Datum anno
Domini XIIIIC und in deme XIXden jare, des middewekens na
Benedicti.
Comments: It would seem as if Ludwig Egenolff was a
soldier of German origin in the service of the Livonian branch of the Teutonic
Order.
Published: Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches
Urkundenbuch 1. ser. vol. V no. 2306.
|
Tallinn |
Convent of Tallinn |
Johan Palmedach lends 37½ marks to Cord
Dynstorp on mortgage in some booths in Bath Street in Tallinn and at an annual
interest of 2½ marks to be paid at St. Michael’s Day; the money
belongs to the Friars Preachers in Tallinn as donated by Cord Palborn in return
for a mass to be celebrated in the chapel of their cloisterwalk.
Source: Das Revaler Rentenbuch.
Language: German.
Int jar alze [1419] des vrijdages
na alle godes hilgen dage do bekande vor vns Cord Dynstorp, dat he heuet entfangen
vppe dat erue, belegen bouen der bastouenstraten, dat wandages Peter Bolten
thobehorde, van her Johanne Palmedage 37½ mark ryg., dar Cord alle jar
van geuen vppe de hochtijt sunte Mychele 2½ mark ryg. to renthe. Vnd de
wile, dat he dit geld vorrenthet, so mach he et dar ynne beholden, men sal eme
nycht to zeggen. Vnd wan he wil edder we dit erue bezittet, de mach ½
jar tho vorn tho zeggen vnd losent dit geld ut vor sulke summe geldes alze
vorscreuen steet. Dit geld horet to den moeniken to der mysse in der capellen
in deme crucegange, dat her Cord Palborne dar to bescheeden heuet.
Comments: Cord Palborn (†1401 1/7) was city
councillor in Tallinn and son-in-law to Johan Buleman, also city councillor in
Tallinn and likewise donor to the local Friars Preachers in his will of 1389 10/8. ● Johan Palmedach
(†1450) was city councillor in Tallinn until removed from office in 1433.
He was probably related to Cord Palborn, in 1414 said to be brother-in-law to one
Everbern Palborn, whose relation to Cord is unknown.
Published: Publikationen aus dem
Revaler Stadtarchiv vol. V no. 593.
|
Rome |
(Convent of Tallinn) |
Pope Martin V enjoins Archbishop Johann
Ambundi of Riga to investigate the validity of the privilege granted by King
Erik VI Menved of Denmark in 1319 to the cathedral chapter of Tallinn, in which
lay citizens of Tallinn were forbidden to use any other schools than that of
the cathedral.
Source: Transcript of verified copy of 1426 16/1. The Danish
National Archives, Copenhagen.
Language: Latin.
Martinus episcopus, servus servorum
Dei, venerabili fratri, archiepiscopo Rigensi, salutem et apostolicam benedictionem.
Ex debito pastoralis officii, quo ecclesiarum omnium regimini presidemus, ad
ea, per que ipsarum ac etiam nobis et apostolice sedi devotarum personarum,
quarumlibet statui et indemnitatibus consulitur, libenter intendimus, illaque
favoribus persequimur opportunis, sane petitio, pro parte dilectorum filiorum,
decani et capituli Revaliensis ecclesie nobis nuper exhibita, continebat, quod
olim clare memorie Ericus, Dacie rex illustris, ad ipsam ecclesiam specialem
gerens devotionis affectum, et ut illa in divinis debite frequentaretur,
statuit ac etiam ordinavit, quod nullus civium Revaliensium natos suos, vel
etiam extraneos scholares, secum existentes, scholas in dicta civitate
frequentare permitterent, preterquam apud ecclesiam memoratam, sub certa poena
pecuniaria, tunc expressa, quam contrafacientes incurrere volvit eo ipso, prout
in litteris authenticis, inde confectis, ipsius regis sigillo munitis, dicitur
plenius contineri. Quare pro parte dictorum decani et capituli nobis fuit
humiliter supplicatum, ut statuto et ordinationi ac litteris prefatis, pro
eorum subsistentia firmiori, robur apostolice confirmationis adiicere de
benignitate apostolica dignaremur. Nos igitur, de premissis certam notitiam non habentes,
huiusmodi supplicationibus inclinati, fraternitati tue per apostolica scripta
mandamus, quatenus de premissis, authoritate nostra, te diligenter informes, et
si per informationem huiusmodi statutum et ordinationem, ac alia in eisdem
litteris contenta, in utilitatem dicte ecclesie vergere inveneris, super quo
tuam conscientiam oneramus, statutum et omnia, inde secuta, etiam authoritate
nostra, approbes pariter et confirmes, non obstantibus constitutionibus et
ordinationibus apostolicis et aliis contrariis quibuscunque. Datum Rome, apud s.
Petrum, nonis maii, pontificatus anno quarto.
Comments: Although nothing here is stated about the
Friars Preachers, the supplication from the cathedral chapter of Tallinn was
obviously launched by a renewed violation of their school privilege practised
by the Dominican convent. ● The letter of 1319 3/3 granting the cathedral
chapter exclusive educational right in Tallinn is published in LEKUB 1. ser.
vol. II no. 666 and DD 2. ser. vol. VIII no. 83. ● The cathedral
privilege was first violated by the Friars Preachers in the 1360s, until they
had to formally agree not to take in external students in the convent school
ever again in 1365 29/5. ● The papal bull and preceding
supplication launched the second school conflict of the Estonian city. Although
the conflict is quite well documented in number of extant sources, most of
these are not dated, which makes it somewhat difficult to determine their exact
chronology. Archbishop Johann Ambundi of Riga apparently passed on
the actual task to Bishop Dietrich of Tartu, who in 1422
13/5 pleaded to the Livonian landmeister
of the Teutonic Order for his help in correcting the Tallinn Friars Preachers,
whose open school was claimed to burden the Cistercian nunnery and parish
churches of the city. The Landmeister responded
by enjoining the city council of Tallinn to settle the parties in 1422 23/5, but he otherwise did not engage. Perhaps
in the winter of 1423-24, the Cistercian abbot of
Padise had been moved by either the friars or the city of Tallinn to testify to
the poor and dangerous school road between the city area and the cathedral
hill, allegedly causing many children to miss school and, thus, prevent them
from an ecclesiastical career. Apparently later, the pope appointed his
chaplain, Montes de Camplo, as auditor of a (new?) complaint raised by the scholasticus of the cathedral chapter,
Henning Bekeman, against the school of the Friars Preachers (1421-25). Also the Dominican prior provincial of Dacia,
Fr. Raymundus, engaged in the conflict by thanking the city of Tallinn for its
continued support (1421-25). Probably in the late
summer of 1425, the city council of Tallinn informed
the Bishop of Tartu that they regarded the interdict he had laid upon the local
Friars Preachers as annulled, since the case was now tried at the Roman Curia.
Published: Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches
Urkundenbuch 1. ser.
vol. V no. 2557
a.
|
Tartu |
Convent of Tallinn |
Bishop Dietrich of Tartu informs the Teutonic landmeister
of Livonia, Siegfried Lander von Spanheim, that he has been given the task
to investigate and pass sentence in a complaint put forward by the Cistercian
nunnery and parish clergy of Tallinn against the local convent of Friars
Preachers, who allegedly for a long time now have acted ‘against God and
ecclesiastical law’, went beyond their own privileges and broken former
agreements; more precisely it is stated that the friars keep a school in their
priory open to lay children, whom they let sing morning mass in the priory
church, although this is traditionally done in the parish churches.
Furthermore, the bishop asks the landmeister for financial and
authoritative support for his task, the latter especially as he foresees that
the Friars Preachers will not recognize his jurisdiction in this.
Source: Contemporary transcript. Tallinn City
Archives.
Language: German.
Theodericus, Dei gratia episcopus
Tarbatensis. Unsen fruntliken grut und wes wi
gudes vormogen mit aller behegelicheit tovor. Erwerdige leve her meister. Unse
herre van Revale heft uns klegeliken to irkennende geven, wo dat de broder der
predeker closter to Revale dat juncfruwen closter dar sulves und kerkherrn der
parren dar sulves kegen Got und kegen dat hilige geistlike recht, und kegen
eres ordens privilegia, und ok kegen genslike scheidungen, de in vortiiden
geschen sin, dar breve up besegelt sin, von den sulven brodern und eren
oversten mancherhande unrecht don, sunderlix schole und wertliken kindern to
holdende in erem closter, und ok vrumisse in erem closter to singende, dat men
juwerlde in den parren plach to donde, und allerwegen deilt na reddeliken
lofliken olden seden, und na geistlikes rechtes utwisinge; biddende, dat wi em
dar to reden, wo he dar bi, varen mochte mit rechte. Dess hebbe wi eme geraden,
dat he sine bodeschop dar umb bi ju sende, went wi vorware wol wusten, dat juwe
erwerdicheit dat wol also bestellede bi deme kompthur und stad to Revale, dat
dat gotliken und reddeliken geholden wurde, als id sich geborde, up dat dat
cristlike volk nein vordret noch schande en lede; wor umb wi ok begeren von
juwer erwerdicheit, dat gi ju der sake enkede beleren, und koste und arbeit
sturen, de dar andirs umb schen mosten, went de herre des fredes nummer rechte
und wol geeret wert, men in der tiid des fredes, dat wi lever segen, dat id
lefliken bestaden lecht wurde, denn dat wi dar processus up geven schulden, als
uns unse geistlike vader, de pavest, to einem conservator dem hern bischope und
der kerken to Revale gesat heft. Vortmer, erwirdige herre, wetet, dat de sulven
monneke juwir und unser anwisinge, den wi ok von der sulven saken schriven,
nicht volchaftich wesen wolden, so duchte uns not und radt sin, dat wi
geistliken praelaten desses landes, na rade und hulpe juwer und juwes
erwirdigen ordins, dar to trachteden, dat en sulk ungebucht gestueret wurde,
went dar anders vele erringe und quades und vorvolginge von upstaen mochte, de
dessen lande unbequeme weren; als wi ju des, wanner wi to samende komen, wol
alles dinges undirrichten willen juwer erwirden, de Got almechtich beholde
gesunt in salicheiden to langen tiiden. Geschreven to Darpte, des negesten
middewekens na cantate, under unsem secrete, anno etcetera XXII.
Comments: On the second school conflict in Tallinn,
see 1421 7/5. It is peculiar to note that the
case is presented as if the complainers are the Cistercian nuns and the common
parish clergy, not the cathedral
chapter, although the main concrete issue referred to is that of the school,
which could hardly have been of interest to any of the two parties. The nunnery
was, however, potentially aligned in interest with the parish clergy of
Tallinn, as the nuns were incorporated with the parish church of St. Olav. The
Livonian landmeister responded to the
episcopal request by enjoining the city council of Tallinn to settle things
peacefully in 1422 23/5. ● Bishop
Dietrich IV Resler of Tartu was in office from 1413 to his death in 1441. ●
Siegfried Lander von Spanheim was the Teutonic Order’s landmeister of Livonia in 1415-1424.
Published: Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches
Urkundenbuch 1. ser. vol. V no. 2597.
Literature:
Hansen 1885, p. 96; Walther-Wittenheim 1938, p. 69.
|
Riga |
Convent of Tallinn |
The Livonian landmeister of the Teutonic Order,
Siegfried Lander von Spanheim, enjoins the city council of Tallinn to settle
the conflict between the Friars Preachers and the secular clergy in Tallinn
amicably.
Source: Original document. Tallinn City Archives.
Language: German.
Meister to Liefflande.
Den ersamen etcetera bm. und rm. der
stad to Revale etcetera.
Unsirn fruntliken grut mit ganzer
gunst tovor. Ersamen, vorsichtigen leven getruwen und sunderlix frunde. Wi
bidde juwer vorsichticheit to weten, wo dat wi vornomen hebben durch unsern
hern von Darpte, als gi wol vornemende werdet in dessir ingeslotenen copien, wo
dat de predeke broder in juwer stad to Revale etzwas sich setten und bedriven
weddir gesette des geistlikem rechts und weddir privilegia und rechticheit des
juncfruwen closters und der parrekerken unser stad dar sulvest etcetera. So bidde wi ju fruntliken, mit
ernstem bevele und ganzem vliite, dat gi ju in sodanen saken weddir geistlik
recht nicht ensetten, und sulke saken in fruntschaft, mit hulpe des kompthurs,
entrichten, er denn wi dar komen sullen, up dat niin groter ungemach, mohe und
arbeit dar van enstae; went wi besorgen uns, sulde id mit geistliken rechte
utgedregen werden, dat dar so mannich infall von wurde, dat id beide, ju und
uns vorworren. Dar umb so beseed, dat gi in den saken wisliken vortfaren, und
von dem geistliken rechte unvorworren sin; dar schut uns von ju fruntlik ane to
danke. Gegeven
to Rige, sabbato post ascensionem Domini, anno etcetera XXII.
Comments: On the second school conflict in Tallinn,
see 1421 7/5. ● On Landmeister Siegfried Lander von Spanheim, see 1422
13/5. ● The city council of Tallinn at this time itself had a
conflict going with the Cistercian nunnery concerning rights and obligations
regarding the stretch of the city wall lying next to the nunnery (LEKUB 1. ser.
vol. V no. 2610), a fact that probably did not further the magistrate’s
felt need to intervene against the friars on behalf of the nuns.
Published: Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches
Urkundenbuch 1. ser.
vol. V no. 2601.
|
(Convent of Tallinn) |
Abbot Tidemann of Padise describes,
along with ten named citizens of Tartu and Lübeck, how the only school in
Tallinn is situated by the cathedral at a steep hill outside the city wall, and
that the road between the city and the school is long, narrow, steep and
difficult. Especially during winter time it is even dangerous and has caused
numerous children severe injuries after falling, some to become limping or
lame, others to die. Because of this many children in Tallinn miss school,
which means that youth otherwise suitable for ecclesiastical education remains
in laity, something which eventually harms the entire Church and Her work.
Source: Transcript. Tallinn City Archives.
Language:
Latin.
Alle
den genen, de dusse scrift seen edder horen, den wunsche wi broder Tydeman, van
Godes gnaden abbet des closters to Padis des ordens van Cysters, in deme
stichte van Revel, ewigen heil in Gode. Witlik si, dat wi gehoret hebben van
levendigen stemmen, und vor nomen hebben van velen waraftigen, nogaftigten und
van loveliken luden, der ere name hir na staen, istwelke bekantnisse, de an
unser jegenwardicheit geschen sijn van istwelken gescheften und werken, und ok
betugen sulven van sunderger vorvaringe, als wi sulves vorvaren sint de
belegenicheit, wetenheit und warheit mit aller ere schickinge. Aver de wijse
der betuchniss de is aldus hollende: Allen luden, de dusse scrift seen edder
horen, den wunsche wi Herman Butenschone, raedman, Hilbrant van der Olpe, Mathias
van Bleken, Hans Bredenschede, borger der staed to Darpte, Godeke Kerckrynk,
Herman Roland, Pavel Spaen, Gerd Branstede, Bertram Lunenborch, Jacob van der
Molene, borger der staed to Lubeke, ewige heil in Gode. Wi betugen an der
warheit van wisser wetenheit, nicht dat wi desse bekantnisse doen van jeniger
vorhopinge wegene der wedder begiftinge, men van sijdeger bekantnisse, als wi
sulven van waraftigen tugen und van veler vor varinge vernomen hebben, als wi
best muchten, wodane wies de staed Revel aldus lange vorarmed is geweset van
mesteren, de de kindere der inwonere der staed, de dar vastende und hungerich
sin an dem vlite der lere, leren mochten und anwisen an scholiker konst, de
doch alduslange gedwungen worden van vromden geslechten to vragende und to
bedelende de scholike kunst und wijsheit, vortmer ok de sulven kindere der
inwonere gedwungen sint, de lere der grammatiken, des geliken de kunste des
scrivendes und lesendes to bedelende, de se dorstende sin, bedelen moten an
vromde rechte. Boven dat vele varlicheit, de in vorgangen und jegenwardigen
tiden geschehen sijn den sulven kinderen, als dat de lovelike bekantnisse veler
guder lude utwiset, und ok den kindern, de dar gelik sin den jenen, de dar
sugende sin de bruste erer modere, an to komenden tijden scheen mogen, de dar
mit swareme lopende gande sint lange bleke des weges mit groteme hindere und
arbeide und ok saken moten de schole, de belegen is bi der doem kerken, mit
groteme vordrete und moinisse van groter lengede wegen des weges und umme des
vrostes, yses und snees willen, de dar bekummeren den wech tuschen der staed
und der schole an de velen maenten; edder ok umme der hogede und steilecheit
des berges, ok umme stedeliker nedderrisinge der scheve, de de wanderende lude
serigen an voten und ok an benen; wente de doemkerke, dar de schole an gebuwet
is, belegen is buten der muren der vorbenomeden staed an einer gantzliker hohen
stede, de dar hevet ∙iii∙ porten. De lengede tuschen den ersten ∙ii∙
is wol ∙iii∙ strede, und de gank is so enge tuschen der hoge des
berges und deme dale, dat an istwelken steden is de brede kume ∙ix∙
vote und nicht mer, an istwelken steden ∙viii∙, an istwelken ∙vii∙
vote breid. In deme upstijgende des berges to der vorderen hant is de hogede ∙c∙
vote und ∙xiiii∙, to der luchteren hant de dael mer en ∙xxx∙
vote. Hir umme so kan de berch nicht gegan werden sunder grote varlicheit,
wente umme der hellinge des berges her vormals und ok an unsen tijden umme
valles willen vele schaden geschen sint van perden, van sleden, vodern und
andern vorgenckliken dingen, de dar umme des uneven weges und der grunt des
berges gevallen sint und nicht staen en kunden, besundergen an winter tijden,
wol dat de sulve gank nu geplanket is mit eneme kleinen und kranken tune, de
dar doch nicht stark is. Aver ok de unreinicheit des weges de traget de gengers
venthe boven de enkel umme der doninge willen des waters, dat dar lopet an
regeningen tijden und besundergen an deme meye und and deme herveste. Aver enen
andern wech hebbe wi geseen, wente to der middelsten porten, de dar hevet an
sik buten der staed wol ∙lxxx∙ grote strede und mer, wol dat de
kortere is, do jo doch so de vele varliker, wente nene wagene edder riders den
wech nenerleie wijs over gan. Jodoch de starken votgengers nicht en mogen den
berch up stigen sunder groter vormodinge, und nemant dale stigen mach sunder
varlicheit der valle, umme der varlicheit wegene ises. Vortmer van der
middelsten porten, de dar is an enem andern rechte und over tred de vrijheit
der staed, wente de deme kocktorne der durden porten, de dar to der vordern
hant heft enen groten graven, van ∙xxiiii∙ vote deip, an istwelken
steden nen slink umme sik en hevet, men is lijk deme wege in vallende; tuschen
dessen porten is de legende ∙x∙ streden und ∙c∙. In
desen vorgesproken wegen vele sware schaden und varlicheit den kinderen
gescheen is, wente en deel van valles wegene lam geworden sint; en del hoverich
van deme valle geworden sint und dar ane bleven sint benthe an den doet, de dar
ok an storven sint; ein del vor doet to hus gebracht sin und gestorven; de
andern en del, de de schole gesocht hebben, in deme sode vor drunken sint; en
del ere sunt vorloren hebben umme des groten vrostes willen, den se geleden
hebben; en del van dem valle hinkende worden sint. Desse stucke und dergelijk
vele leider vor vallet sin an den werken, dat God witlik is, als men dat
bewisen mach mit lofwerdigen edder waraftigen tuchnisse. In dat lateste van der
durden porten wente to der schole dore is id ∙c∙ strede, ∙iiii∙
vote to rekende vor ene strede, und de wech stedeliken sere unreine und nad is
und selden edder nummer mach men gan mit drogen voten, sunder an den huntdagen
und an grotem vroste. Hir umme vele umme desser varlicheit und schaden wegene
hebben vorsumed de schole to sokene an vorminderinge des gotliken denstes und
sint gedwungen, leyen to blivende. An merer tuchnisse aller desser vorgescreven sake, so
hebbe wi etcetera etcetera.
Comments: The transcript is undated. In LEKUB it is
dated to c. 1423, by Walther-Wittenheim
to the winter 1423-24 before Fr. Johannes Brun supposedly brought it on his
appeal trip to Rome in January 1424 (Walther-Wittenheim 1938, 70-71 with note
35). ● Nothing is mentioned about the competing school of the Friars
Preachers, but the letter clearly is part of the acts collected by the friars
in support of their case in the second school conflict of Tallinn (1421 7/5). ● Padise Abbey was a Cistercian
monastery situated about 50 km south-west of Tallinn. Fr. Tidemann was its
abbot from 1423-1431. ● The cathedral of Tallinn was situated along with
the castle on the steep hill formation called Toompea (Domberg), with a ground surface about 20-30 meters above the
adjacent urban area. According to the abbot’s description, one also had
to pass three gates to get from the city to the cathedral, and even when one
had finally made it through all three gates, the remaining passage to the
school was so wet and dirty that it was hardly possible to arrive with dry feet.
● When the description is testified by burghers of Tartu and Lübeck,
but none from Tallinn, it suggests that the letter was made in support of the
citizens of Tallinn rather than the Friars Preachers. It may, however, very
well have been initiated by the Order, which had, of course, convents in both
the two cities.
Published: Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches
Urkundenbuch 1. ser. vol. V no. 2664.
|
Haderslev |
Province of Dacia, Convent of Haderslev |
Fr. Raymundus,
prior provincial of the Friars Preachers in Dacia, issues a letter of
fraternity for the shoemakers’ guild in Haderslev in which the guild
members due to their devoted affection for the Order are given participation in
all the pious work and good deeds performed by the friars in the entire
province, along with intercessory prayers for all deceased members to be
proclaimed by the provincial chapter after they have died.
Source: Transcript in
Copiale von Privilegien betr. Stadt und Amt Hadersleben (18th
cent.). Gemeinschaftsarchiv des Kreises Schleswig-Flensburg, Schleswig.
Language: Latin.
Devotis et in Christo sibi dilectis senatori ceterisque singulis societatis sutorum Hathersløw frater Raymundus, fratrum ordinis predicatorum provincie Dacie prior provincialis, salutem et augmentum continuum celestium gratiarum. Existente vestre, ut audivi, erga fratres nostri ordinis devotionis affectione et illius usque in finem perdurante favorabili continuationi vestris satisfacere cupiens desideriis, vobis omnium missarum, orationum, predicationum, vigiliarum, jejuniorum, abstinentiarum, laborum ceterorumque bonorum, que per fratres nostre provincie scilicet regnorum Dacie, Suecie et Norvegie fieri donaverit copiosa clementia salvatorum participationem concedo tenore presentium specialem, ut multiplici suffragiorum presidio et hic augmentum gratie et in futuro mereamini vite eterne premium possidere. Volo insuper et ordino, ut amine vestre post decessus vestros fratrum totius provincie suffragiis et orationibus recommendentur in nostro provinciali capitulo, cum vestri obitus ibidem fuerint nunciati. In cuius concessionis testimonium sigillum nostrum presentibus est appensum. Datum Hatjersløw anno Domini MCDXXIIII dominica palmarum.
Comments: On Fr. Raymundus,
see 1409 18/5. ● Nothing is here stated about
the convent of Friars Preachers in Haderslev, but it must be presumed that this
convent had intermediated the contact. The prior provincial is likely to have
been at the convent at the time, as the letter is issued in Haderslev. ● An almost identical letter of confraternity was
issued for the same guild of shoemakers in Haderslev by Fr. Henricus, vicar general
of the province of Dacia, at the provincial chapter in Halmstad in 1434 22/7.
Published: Repertorium danici 1.
ser. vol. III no. 6092; Danmarks Gilde- og Lavsskraaer vol. II no. 11.
|
Stockholm |
Convent of Stockholm |
Three men from
Lappfjärd in Norrbotten – Gudmund Jakobssen, Olof Jakobsson and
Jöns Saxe – who have gone hunting for seal, are caught on an ice
floe in stormy weather on the sea, but they are miracuously saved after seven
days of drifting, when they promise to go on a pilgrimage to the Defixio
Domini (Helga Lösen) of the Friars
Preachers in Stockholm and offer wax images to it. The idea for the promise was
suggested by Gudmund Jakobsson, who had heard a sermon while visiting the
‘Black Friars’ in Stockholm, where a shripwrecked man was returned
to live after having pleaded for help to the Helga Lösen in his heart while drowning. The story is
reported by Gudmund in the priory in Stockholm and is recorded by Fr.
Gregorius, who very well remembers the other stated miracle about the
shripwrecked man, but has not recorded it due to a lack of sufficient evidence.
Source: Miracula sancte crucis Stockholmie.
Language: Latin.
Qualiter tres viri in
captura focarum desperatissime periclitantes per votum ad defixionem Domini
evaserunt. Capitulum ∙lxxix∙.
Anno Domini MCDXXIIII secunda die penthecostes vir quidam nomine Gudhmundus Jacobson peregrinus ad defixionem Domini, homo seriose conditionis, etate quasi quinquagenarius, de fundo aquilonari, parrochia Nerpis Aboensis diocesis, villa Lappawijk, non longe a dicta ecclesia Nerpis sita, narravit infrascripta fideliter et constanter, videlicet quod ipse cum aliis decem viribus erat in mari aquilonaris fundi actualiter in captura focarum existens. Et cum jam multas cepissent focas, quarta feria, que media erat illius anni quadragesime, irruente tempestate divisisque per longas distantias sociis super glaciem maris, hinc inde repente rapiebatur eorum navicula ex vi tempestatis atque glaciei congeriis cum quatuor tantummodo sociis, reliqui autem tres viri super unam partem glaciei convenerunt, ceteri vero tres eorum socii super singulas particulas glacierum ab invicem sunt divisi in ipso turbido mari. Sicque vagabundi ad varios ventorum impetus tota sequenti nocte jactabantur. Mane autem facto tres predicti simul in una glaciei particula existentes et oculos levantes viderunt unum de sociis perditis remote in mari in quadam alia particula modo altius levari ab undis, modo per longam moram depressum a conspectu eorum tolli. Sed tandem omnes quatuor insimul conveniunt, quorum unus non diu post moriebatur ex algore. Tunc duo ex reliquis tristissime ullulando dixerunt: Ecce nos miseri, heu jam videmus ante oculos nostros profundum maris huius debere fieri sepulcrum nostrum, de animabus vero nostris ignoramus si salventur an dampnentur. Videntes autem glaciem super quam sederunt ex maris conquassationibus nimis imminutam, cum jam non haberet nisi ∙ix∙ ulnas in longitudine et sex in latitudine, in spissitudine vero duas tantum palmas, amplius desperati sunt. Tunc tertius eorum, supradictus scilicet Gudmundus, alios duo sic affatur: Non debemus desperare, quod ante aliquot annos ego Stokholmis existens in monasterio nigrorum fratrum audivi predicare quod quidam submersus sive naufragus per longam moram steterat in profundo maris sed cordetenus invocato adjutorio Dei, cum ore non posset, per memoriam defixionis Dominice salvatus est. Unde et nos per Dei misericordiam salvari poterimus eandem defixionem Dominicam invocando. Sic quisque uno animo si liberarentur se peregrinaturos ad locum predicte memorie voverunt cum oblationibus, scilicet quod unusquisque eorum imaginem ceream ibidem offerre debeat duarum marcarum in pondere. Et sic mirabiliter et super omnem humanam estimationem cum per septem dies et totidem noctes sic per mare jactati fuissent nec alicubi terras conspexissent, tandem octava die, scilicet quarta feria sequenti, ad quoddam litus maris vita comite pervenerunt. Tractantes vero de discriminibus suis cum incolis ibidem invenerunt, quod per quindecim magna milliaria a loco primo periclitationis super glaciem per illam septimanam usque ad predictum litus fuerant devoluti. Sed et hoc mirabilius reputabant, quod circumquaque circa se cotidie viderunt terribiles undas maris et fluctuum elevari, sed cum nequaquam eorum glaciem diluebant, quod nullo modo creditur fuisse factum, nisi ex divina pietate ineffabili, fuissent ad vitam specialiter reservati. Hec omnia et singula narrans prefatus Gudmundus, socios secum super glaciem commorantes et ad litus pervenientes nominavit unum eorum Olaff Jacobson, alium Jønis Saxa. Processu autem temporis inventum est, quod ceteri eorum quatuor, qui cum navicula predicta inter congeries glacierum maris evaserunt, naviculam ipsam cum omnibus rebus perdiderant et vix cum maximis difficultatibus mortem evaserunt corporalem. Et ego frater Gregorius, qui hoc scribo, satis recordor me audivisse narrare de prealligato naufrago submerso et liberato, sed hoc scripto non commendavi, eo quod per negligentiam meam testimonium sufficiens minime convocavi.
Dansk oversættelse:
Nr. 79. Om hvordan tre
mand på sælfangst svævede i yderste livsfare, men efter et
løfte til Helga
Lösen blev reddet.
I det Herrens år 1424 på 2. pinsedag kom en mand ved navn Gudmund Jakobsson som pilgrim til Helga Lösen, en fornuftig mand, omkring 50 år gammel, fra Norrbotten, Närpes sogn, Åbo stift, landsbyen Lapvik, der ikke ligger langt fra nævnte Närpes kirke, og han berettede vederhæftigt om den følgende hændelse, da han med ti andre mænd var ude på Bottenhavet for at fange sæl. Og da de allerede havde fanget mange sæler, da hændte det, på onsdagen i midfasten, at en storm brød løs og gruppen blev skilt langt fra hverandre på det isfyldte hav, og at deres båd, med blot fire af mændene ombord, pludselig blev kastet hid og did af stormen og ismasserne. Tre andre af deres kammerater var derimod på en isflage, og yderligere tre andre på en anden isflage, og således skiltes de fra hinanden på det oprørte hav. Hele den følgende nat drev de omkring for skiftende vinde. Men da det blev morgen og de tre mænd på den ene isflage løftede deres blikke, så de en af deres tabte kammerater langt væk på havet på en anden flage, nogle gang højt løftet af bølgerne, andre gange dybt sunket under deres udsyn. Til sidst blev de alle fire forenet, men ikke længe efter døde en af dem af kulde. Da klagede to af de tilbageværende sørgmodigt og sagde: »Ak, vi ulykkelige, her ser vi for vore øjne det havdyb, der skal blive vor grav, og vi ved ikke om vore sjæle skal blive frelste eller fordømte.« Da de så, at den isflage, som de sad på, var blevet meget formindsket af havets storm og allerede nu kun målte 9 alen i længden og 6 i bredden, og kun var to håndflader tyk, blev de endnu mere fortvivlede. Da sagde den tredje af dem, den ovennævnte Gudmund, således til de to andre: »Lad os ikke fortvivle. For nogle år siden, da jeg var i Stockholm, hørte jeg i de sorte brødres kloster en prædiken, om at én, som var faldet i havet eller havde lidt skibbrud, længe havde været i havets dyb og dér påkaldt Guds hjælp i sit hjerte, idet han ikke kunne det med munden, og gennem mindebilledet af Helga Lösen blev reddet. Også vi kan derfor blive reddet ved Guds barmhjertighed, om vi påkalder Helga Lösen.« Da lovede de enstemmigt, at om nogle af dem blev reddet, skulle de valfarte til det nævnte mindested med offergaver, således at hver af dem dér skulle ofre et voksbillede af 2 marks vægt. Og da hændte det mirakuløst og over al menneskelig forventning, at de efter således at have drevet rundt på havet i syv dage og ligeså mange nætter uden at se land nogetsteds, endelig på den ottende dag, dvs. den følgende onsdag, kom i land på en kyst med livet i behold. Da de fortalte om deres kvaler til de lokale indbyggere, forstod de, at de i løbet af ugen var drevet 15 mil fra det oprindelige ulykkessted over det isfyldte hav til den strand, som de nu var kommet til. Men endnu mere mirakuløst synes de at det var, at selvom de hver dag havde set havets og strømmenes forfærdelige bølger hæve sig, så havde bølgerne alligevel ikke opløst deres isflage, hvilket man ikke tror muligt uden en usigelig guddommelig mildhed, der særligt sparede deres liv. Alt dette berettede nævnte Gudmund i detaljer, og han fortalte, at den ene af hans ledsagere på isen, som også nåede land, hed Olof Jakobsson, den anden Jöns Saxe. Senere erfaredes det, at de øvrige fire i gruppen, der var undkommet i det isfyldte hav med en båd, havde mistet denne båd med alle deres ejendele, og kun med store vanskeligheder havde undgået den legemlige død. Og jeg, broder Gregor, som skriver dette, husker udmærket at have hørt om den omtalte skibbrudne, som druknede og blev reddet, men jeg har ikke fået nedtegnet det i dette skrift, da jeg pga. egen forsømmelighed ikke har kunnet skaffe tilstrækkeligt med vidnesbyrd derom.
Comments: On the Defixio Domini (Helga Lösen) in
Stockholm, see 1408 21/12. ● On Fr.
Gregorius, see 1403 3/8 and 1408 21/12. ●
Lappfjärd (Fi.: Lappväärtti) is situated on the west coast of
Finland, about 75 km north of Pori, in the district nowadays termed
Österbotten.
Published: Finlands
Medeltidsurkunder no. 1752; Miracula
defixionis Domini no. 79 (pp. 64-67).
|
Province of Dacia, Convent of Tallinn |
Fr. Raymundus, prior provincial of the Friars Preachers in Dacia, thanks
the city council of Tallinn for its continued amicable support of the local
convent in spite of the hostile and groundless accusations against the friars
put forward lately by the bishop and the cathedral chapter, and he pleads for
the city’s help in protecting the friars’ privileges, since the
Order will otherwise spare nothing in securing their rights by other means.
Source: Original document. Tallinn City Archives.
Language: German.
Broder Raymundus, der provincien to
Dennemarken prior provincialis. Den ersamen vorsichtigen mannen, heren
borgermesteren und radmannen der stad to Revele.
Myn innege bed mit hertliker begeringe ewiger salicheid in
Gode, unseme salichmakere. Ersamen leven vorderere und vrunde. Ik danke ju
erwerdichliken und vrundliken vor alle dogede, woldaet und gude, de juwe
ersamicheid bi mi, bi deme priore und gantzen convente mennichvald heft
bewiset, und alse demesulven convente van juwem erwerdigen bischoppe und van
deme capittele und eren medehulperen vele hons und smaheid, schande und
vornichtinge, beide ruchtes und ere, mit unrechten is vorgelecht, dat leider
openbare nuch vor dem gemenen is gehandelt to vorhoninge Godes und unses orden,
und dem gemeinen volke to ergeringe, to bedrofnisse und twidracht, welkes
jamers gelik doch ny is gehort van sodanen praelaten to handelende; dat sik
unse gantze orde swarliken hebben angenomen vorwunderende, na deme dat geistlik
recht und de hilge Romesche kerke unsen gantzen orden und unse brodere in
sunderger vrygheit und begiftinge heft voreseen und mildeliken begavet, sunder
anlage und bewernisse to brukende. Dar doch de bischop und dat capittel sik van
egener wald unrechtverdichliken hebben tegen gesat sodane pavestlike begiftinge
behonslagende und vorsprekende mit mennigen undaden, dat altolang were to
scrivende, dat sik doch wol vindende wert to der tijt, alset sik geboret.
Hirumme, erwerdigen leven vorderere und sundergen vrunde, umme tokomende
twidracht und unwillen vore to wesende, bidde ik juwe leve vruntliken, dat gi
den bischop und dat capittel, also vele alse ju mogelik is, willen
underrichten, dat se den prior und unse convent van sodaner anlage, smaheit und
vordrete, der se alduslange mennichvald hebben togelecht, noch umme Godes und
rechtes willen vort an willen vorlaten vredesam in sodaner vrigheid ju
tobewonende, alse unser orde alderwegen is bevriet; wente unse orden so
hertliken heft angenomen sodane vordreet und hon unsern brodern to scheende,
dat men dar nicht min to don mach und wil men mote en bi leggen ere vrigheid
und recht to beschermende. Weret ok, dat se juwer gudliken anrichtunge nicht
horen wolden, Gode und recht to vruchtende, so mod men seen mit hulpe unses
orden, wes men to rechte vermoge, und dar denne nicht ane to sparende. Gode
almechtich si juwe ersamicheid bevolen sund und salig to ewigen tijden. Screven des dinxstedages
na dem feste der hilgen drevaldicheid.
Comments: The letter is dated by day, but not year. It
obviously relates to the time of the second school conflict in Tallinn, which
went on from 1421-1425. Fr. Raymundus is known as prior provincial of Dacia
from 1409-1424. Within the possible period, Tuesday after Trinity fell on these
dates: 1421 20/5, 1422 9/6, 1423 1/6, 1424 20/6 and 1425 5/6. LEKUB dated it to
c. 1423, and also Walther-Wittenheim
preferred the year 1423 (Walther-Wittenheim 1938, 69). ● On Fr.
Raymundus, see 1409 18/5. ● On the second school conflict in
Tallinn, see 1421 7/5.
Published: Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches
Urkundenbuch 1. ser. vol. V no. 2662.
|
(Tallinn) |
Convent of Tallinn |
The city council of Tallinn informs Bishop Dietrich of Tartu that they have
received and understood his letter concerning the interdict laid upon the
Friars Preachers in Tallinn. From the friars, however, they have been presented
with evidence that the interdict has been lawfully and timely appealed to the
Curia, before which the case is now presented by envoys, and for that reason
they regard the interdict as temporarily annulled until a verdict has been
proclaimed by the pope. Therefore, the people of Tallinn will continue to
participate in Holy Mass and other Divine services celebrated by the friars in
their church. As for the claim put forward by the bishop that the friars
promote false learning in writing and speech, leading to heresy and the
damnation of souls, the council asks him to specify exactly what articles and false
beliefs he is addressing, as well as the exact identity of the involved friars,
so that the magistrate can protect its citizens against the falseness and expel
its promoters.
Source: Original concept. Tallinn City Archives.
Language:
German.
Unse etcetera erwerdige in Gode vader und
leve gunstige here. Juwen bref hebbe wi mit tuchteger werdicheit entfangen und
wol vorstaen, und danken juwer erwerdicheit gutliken, dat gi uns warnen vor
dingen, dar an ju dunket, dat wi schaden mochten nemen an unser sele, und to
unvorwinkliken anderen schaden mochten komen; alse dat wi uns nicht schollen
laten vor leiden van den predeker bruderen, de mit uns hiir wonen, der wir ere
missen und andere Godes gedeenst horen, jegen cristliken horsam, als juwer
erwerdicheit angebracht is, umme dat se beide to Revele und mit juw und in
anderen stichten unses landes to banne gekundiget sin und gekundiget werden;
dat wi und de unsen laten schollen, und en dat ok nicht steden in unser stat
vorgescreven, bet to der tijt, dat se nugaftige bewisinge doen, dat se van dem
banne vorgeschreven entloset sint, edder dat de sulve ban up gescheten sij. Des
begere wi juwer vaderlichen erwerdicheit gutliken to weten, up een vorbeterent,
dat wi hebben vorstaen, dat de brodere vorgescreven nugaftige bewisinge hebben
erer entlosingen van dem banne, dat se wol bewijsen willen, wor und wanne se
dat mit rechte doen scholen. Ok hebbet se alse drade, als em de ban to Revele
witlik wart, den vorgescreven ban in rechter wijse und tijden mit einer appelatien
schuttet, der neen recht cristen mensche na deme rechte vorsmaen schal, bette
vor unsen hilgen vader, den pawes, und sinen richter to Rome, dar ere sekere
wisse bode nu hen is, de sake dar to vorvolgende na deme rechte, und umme dat
de brudere menen und weten, alse beide, se und andere lude, seggen, de sich des
rechtes vor staen, und bewijsen kunnen, wor und wanne des noet is na deme
rechte, dat se mogen mit Godes Gades deenst doen in erer kerken, so ga wi ok
sunder vaer to em, und horen den sulven Gades deenst bi em to der ere Godes und
salicheit unser selen. Und schelet juwer erwerdicheit dar ichtes wat ane, dar
vordreget juw des mit den broderen vorgescreven, dat se dat mit rechte laten
moten und scholen; so wille wi midder vaert beide, se und ere missen und
anderen kerkentijden und vorbodene menschap, mit allem willen gerne vor mijden.
Alse uns juwe erwerdicheit vortmer schrivet, dat de vorscrevene brodere
schedelike artikele und erdom holden und van sik leren, umme dat volk to sik to
teende, dede mochten to openbarer ketterie komen, to unser selen argen und to
anderen unvorwinliken schaden, des bidde wi juwer erwerdicheit gutliken to
weten, up een vor beterent, dat uns dat unmaten vor veerlik und leet to horende
is, und weret sake, dat juwe gnade uns wolde witlik doen, we juw dat angebrocht
heft, edder wat de artikele sijn, edder we de brudere sijn, de also dane
artikele holden und leren, juwe erwerdicheit drosten uns nicht bidden edder
vormanen, dat wi uns vor en dar ane waerden, edder dat wi juwe hulpe dar to
deden, se dar ane na deme rechte to richtene, sunder wi wolden ju dar mit
gantsem herten umme bidden, und mit live und mit gude dar na bistendich wesen,
alse gude cristene menschen to gebord, dat sodane artikele, erredom und errende
personen ut unser stat worden vordreven. Und off juwe erwerdicheit des nicht
doen will, so vormode wi uns, dat et den armen vorscrevenen broderen mit hate
is over gedichtet, alse juwe vaderlike erwerdicheit dit na wol vornemen
scholen, alse ere sake en ende nimpt, dede hanget in deme hove to Rome, und dar
umme so bidde wi juwe erwerdicheit, dat gi also lange juw willen in alsodaner
dichter rede nicht keren, und wiste wi ok binamen, we de gennen weren, de uns
und de unsen aldus valschliken achter rugge bedregen, wi wolden em danken, of
wi kunden. Juwe
gnade moete to allen tijden God behueden.
Comments: The letter is undated. In LEKUB it has been
dated to c. 1423, but according to
Gertrud von Walther-Wittenheim it fits better into the chronology of the whole
process in the late summer of 1425 (Walther-Wittenheim 1938, 72). ●
On the second school conflict in Tallinn, see 1421 7/5.
Published:
Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches Urkundenbuch 1. ser. vol. V no. 2660.
(1425
late summer) (Tallinn)
The burghers and occupants of
Tallinn – commoners, shipmasters, merchants and visitors alike –
endorse the answer sent by the city council of Tallinn to the Bishop of Tartu regarding
his letter of interdict directed against the Friars Preachers of the city.
Source: Original concept. Tallinn City Archives.
Language:
German.
Gi
erwerdigen heren und boden des heren van Darpte. Als si geworen hebben an unsen
erwerdigen raed und weren begerende lijkes van des breves wegene, den de ganse
gemeine man, schippere, koeplude und gast van sik gesant hebben, de do tor tijd
to Revale weren, wetet, leven heren und vrunde, wo dat de here van Darpte hiir
enen bref geschreven heft an den gansen gemeinen man, dar he inne schref van
eme gemeinen ruchte, dat eme und anderen praelaten des landes vorgekomen si,
als van der predeker broder wegene, dat wi se geheiten hebben und dar to
gehalden hebben, tegen horsam der hilgen kerken, dat sik drapen solde in der
ketterie, dat Got vorbeide, dat wi noede doen wolden und nie en dachten. Gi
leven heren und vrunde. Den vorbrenger, de dit deme heren van Darpte und den
praelaten in disseme lande vorgebracht hevet, de hevet sik sulven vele to kort
gedaen und uns, dat he uns in sulken swaer geruchte gebracht hevet mit der
unwaerheid. Hir up so hevet sik de ganse gemeine man, de hiir do was, vor
antwordet mit einem breve tegen den heren van Darpte und de gemeine man, de
hiir do tor tijd was, de en sint hiir nu nicht jegenwordich und se en hebben
uns gein bevel dar van gelaten.
Comments: On the date, see comments above.
Published: Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches
Urkundenbuch 1. ser. vol. V no. 2661.
|
Convent of Helsingør |
The Friars
Preachers are given a site in Helsingør.
Source: Annales Petri Olavi.
Language: Latin.
1425. Habuerunt predicatores locum Helsingore.
Dansk oversættelse:
1425. Prædikanterne fik et sted i Helsingør.
Comments: The Dominican
convent foundation in Helsingør is traditionally dated to 1441 3/3, when King Christoffer III ‘the
Bavarian’ of Denmark-Norway-Sweden donated a site to the Order just
outside the city wall to be used for the construction of a priory. It should be
noted, though, that when Pope Nicholas V conceded the foundation in 1451 3/4,
it was stated that the convent founder was Christoffer’s uncle and
predecessor King Erik VII (1396-1439), who was in fact king in 1425, and the
chief initiator behind the city’s two other mendicant foundations of the
Franciscans (1420) and the Carmelites (1430). An
explanation may be that Friars Preachers, from either Roskilde or Helsingborg,
in 1425 were given a house in Helsingør for visiting fratres
terminarii, which led to an actual convent foundation in 1441? ● An
eighteenth-century chronicle’s claim that the Dominican convent in
Helsingør was founded around 1242
seems to be of little credibility, since no other records refer to their
presence until 1425.
Published: Scriptores
Rerum Danicarum vol. I, p. 194; Annales Danici, p. 211.
|
Convent of Tallinn |
Pope Martin V appoints the papal chaplain Montes de Camplo as auditor of
a complaint raised by Henning Bekeman, scholasticus
of the cathedral chapter in Tallinn, against the prior and convent of Friars
Preachers in Tallinn, whom among other things are accused of having illegally
opened a school.
Source: Transcript. Tallinn City Archives.
Language: Latin.
Montes de Camplo, decretorum doctor, Domini nostri pape
capellanus et ipsius sacri pallatii apostolici causarum et cause ac partibus infrascriptis
ab eodem domino nostro papa auditor specialiter deputatus, universis et
singulis dominis abbatibus, prioribus, prepositus, decanis, archidiaconis,
scolasticis, cantoribus, custodibus, thesaurariis, succentoribus, canonicis tam
cathedralium quam collegiatorum parochialiumque, rectoribus et locotenentibus
eorundem, plebanis, viceplebanis, vicariis perpetuis, capellanis, curatis et
non curatis, ceterisque presbyteris, notariis et tabellionibus publicis
quibuscunque, per civitatem et diocesim Revaliensem et alias ubilibet
constitutis, et eorum cuilibet in solidum, ad quem vel quos presentes nostre
littere pervenerint, salutem in Domino et mandatis nostris huiusmodi,
immoverius apostolicis, firmiter obedire. Noveritis, quod sanctissimus in
Christo pater et dominus noster, dominus Martinus, divina providentia papa
quintus, quandam commissionem sive supplicationibus cedulam nobis per certum
suum cursorem presentari fecit, quam nos cum ea qua decuit reverentia
recepimus, huiusmodi sub tenore: Dignetur s. v. causam et causas, quam et quas
devotus vir Henningus Bekeman, scolasticus ecclesie Revaliensis, monet seu
monere intendit contra et adversus priorem et conventum monasterii fratrum
ordinis predicatorum Revaliensis, omnesque alios, sua conjuncter vel divisim
interesse putantes, de et super erectione nova scolarum in prejudicium ecclesie
Revaliensis et scolastrie eiusdem, et eius occasione committere alicui ex
venerabilibus et circumspectis viris, dominis vestri sacri pallatii apostolici
causarum auditoribus, audiendum, cognoscendum, decidendum et sine debito
terminandum, cum omnibus et singulis suis incidentiis, emergentiis,
dependentiis et connexis, et cum potestate citandi priorem et conventum et
alios sua interesse credentes predictos, in Romana curia et extra ad partes,
totiens quotiens opus fuerit, non obstante, quod causa…
Comments: The final part of the letter lacks in the
transcript. ● The transcript is undated, but it clearly belongs to the
second school conflict of Tallinn (see this, 1421 7/5). LEKUB dated it to c. 1423, whereas Walther-Wittenheim
placed it later than a papal verdict in favour of the friars from 1424 17/6,
which Bekeman supposedly reacted on (Walther-Wittenheim 1938, 71 note 38). ●
As the head canon of the cathedral school, the scholasticus Henning Bekeman appears to have been the leader of the
chapter’s opposition to the Dominican school.
Published: Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches
Urkundenbuch 1. ser. vol. V no. 2663.
|
Tallinn |
Convent of Tallinn |
Clawes Karwel founds an annual interest of 4 marks to be paid at Easter
to his son, Fr. Henricus Karwel, who is with the Friars Preachers in Tallinn. When
Fr. Henricus is dead, the interest along with the principal amount is to go to
the convent for altar wine and wafers used at their services.
Source: Das Revaler Rentenbuch.
Language: German.
Int jar alze hijr vorgescreuen stet
[1426] an sunte Juriens auende do beschedde vor vnseme zittenden stole des
rades Clawes Karwel syme sone Hinricus, syme sone deme moenike, de in deme
closter is, 4 mark rijg. tho renthe vppe paschen utto geuende. Vnd dit geld sal vp myme erue stande blyuen. Vnd myn sone
sal des bruken syne dage. Vnd na syme dode so salme dat houetgeld mit der
renthe den moeniken geuen to wyne vnd tho oblaten tho deme deynste godes.
Comments: Fr. Henricus Karwel of the Friars Preachers
in Tallinn was prior of the same convent in 1452 10/11.
His father, Clawes Karwel, was a tailor in Tallinn. The family name Karwel points to Estonian origin
(Johansen & Mühlen 1973, 342).
Published: Publikationen aus dem
Revaler Stadtarchiv vol. V
no. 706.
|
Bologna |
Province of Dacia, Convent of Roskilde? |
Fr. Nicolaus de Solrød of the Friars Preachers represents the
province of Dacia as diffinitor at the general chapter in Bologna.
Source: Acta
capitulorum generalium OP.
Language: Latin.
In nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti, amen. Hec
sunt acta capituli generalis apud Bononiam in festo pentecostes celebrati anno
Domini MCCCCXXVI sub reverendo in Christo patre fratre Ludovico de Valleoleti
sacre pagine professore ac diffinitore provincie Hispanie, necnon vicario
generali presentis capituli concorditer assumpto juxta nostrarum tenorem
constitutionum in absentia reverendissimi magistri ordinis, diffinientibus infrascriptis
reverendis prioribus provincialibus ac diffinitoribus, videlicet: (…)
fratre Nicholao de Sole rubeo diffinitore provincie Dacie (…).
Comments: Fr. Nicolaus de Sole rubeo cannot be identified from any other sources. His byname
seems to be a latinized form of Solrød, a village on Sjælland,
situated 10 km south-east of Roskilde, which might indicate his conventual
affiliation.
Published:
Monumenta Ordinis Fratrum
Praedicatorum Historica vol. VIII, pp. 182-183.
|
Convent of Ribe |
Last will and testament for Otto Bosen, provost in Varde syssel and
canon of the cathedral chapters in Ribe, Schleswig and Lübeck, in which it
is left to the executors of the will to give suitable donations from his real
estate in Ribe to all the monasteries, churches, cathedral clergy, students and
poor folks in Ribe.
Source: Original document. The Danish National Archives,
Copenhagen.
Language: Latin.
In nomine Domini amen. Cum nichil
certius sit hominibus morte et nichil incertius mortis hora, ego Otto Boecii,
presbiter Ripensis Sleswicensis Lubicensisque ecclesiarum canonicus ac
prepositus in Warethsysel in predicta ecclesia Ripensi, Deo propicio mente et
corpore sanus, mortis horam incertam in quantum dominus dederit, in disposicione
rerum michi ab ipso largiter concessarum cupiens prevenire, animo testandi et
ordinandi de ipsis rebus testor, ordino et dispono de ipsis rebus meis prout
infra scribitur et exprimitur: (…) Item volo, quod de bonis meis Ripensis
repertis testamentarii mei dent competentia legata monasteriis et ecclesiis
aliis ibidem, canonicis, vicariis et presbiteris aliis, pauperibus scolaribus
et aliis pauperibus, prout eis visum expedire. (…) Istud testamentum, si
non valet legis rigore ut testamentum, valeat ut codicillus etcetera, ut in
forma ipsum scripsi propria manu anno Domini millesimo CDXXVII prima die
augusti, et volo, quod huic ultimo testamento stetur non obstantibus prius
factis. (…)
Comments: The will was confirmed by
an imperial notary in Lübeck on 8 August 1429 and later the same year, 8
December, it was approved by Bishop Christian of Ribe and the entire cathedral
chapter. ● Otto Bosen (Otto Boecii)
was still alive in 1436, as he made a change to the will at this time, although
not of relevance to the Ribe convents. Although living in Lübeck in his
late years, he seems to have been closer related to Ribe in earlier times,
which may explain the favouring of this city compared to Schleswig and
Lübeck.
Published:
Erslev, Testamenter... no. 86.
Literature:
Kinch 1869, pp. 293-297.
|
Genazzano |
Convent of Århus? |
Pope Martin V appoints Canon Poul Jensen of Århus and Ribe as
provost of the Augustinian Tvilum Monastery and thereby annuls the unanimous election
by the convent itself of Fr. Nicolaus Ebbonis ‘Basse’ of the Friars
Preachers in Århus.
Source: Transcript in Supplicationes.
Vatican Archives, Rome.
Language: Latin.
Alias prepositura monasterii beate Marie
virginis Tvillensis ordinis sancti Augustini Arusiensis diocesis per liberam
resignationem Andree Nicolay occasione cuiusdam morbi incurabilis, qua laborat,
in manibus domini Ulrici ipsius loci ordinarii sponte factam vacante, canonici
regulares dicti monasterii quendam fratrem Nicolaum Elbonis, alias Basse,
ordinis fratrum predicatorum eiusdem diocesis in eorum et dicti monasterii
prepositum concorditer postularunt, que quidem postulato per s. v. non sortita
fuit effectum, propter quod, ut ab aliquibus asseritur, dicta prepositura adhuc
vacare ad presens dinoscitur curie. Quare supplicat Paulus Johannis presbiter dicte
Arusiensis diocesis quatinus sibi de dicta prepositura, que conventualis est,
dignemini providere, non obstantibus ecclesia parrochiali Watdelde ac
canonicatibus et prebendis, quos in ecclesiis Arusiensi et Ripensi obtinet, et
quos paratus est dimittere, et etiam parrochialem ecclesiam, dum etcetera et dum habitum dicti ordinis
receperit … . Fiat. O. Datum Genezani Penestrine diocesis 12 kalendas augusti anno 11.
Comments: Fr. Nicolaus Ebbonis ‘Basse’ is
not known from any other sources. His convent affiliation is not explicitly
stated, but he is said to be of the diocese of Århus, which only housed
the convent in Århus. The byname Basse
suggests that he was related to a wealthy noble family, predominantly known on
Sjælland, but his exact connection to this family cannot be established. ●
Tvilum was an Augustinian monastery situated about 40 km north-west of
Århus, halfway between Århus and Viborg. ● According to the
papal decision, the previous provost, Anders Nielsen, had resigned to Bishop
Ulrik Stygge of Århus due to incurable diseases. The convent of canons
regular had then unanimously elected the Dominican friar, although only by
postulation due to the differences of orders. The main reason for the pope to
annul the election of Fr. Nicolaus and appoint another person instead seem to
be that he considered the office reserved for papal appointment. ● Poul
Jensen had canonries with prebends in both Århus and Ribe, as
well as being parish priest of Voel, situated about 10 km south of Tvilum. He
was apparently ready to give up all these offices for the position in Tvilum.
Published:
Acta
pontificum Danica vol. II no. 1548.
|
Tallinn |
Convent of Tallinn |
Herman Gryse mortgages his property in Friars Street (‘Monykestraten’)
in Tallinn to Johan Palmedach as security for a loan of 100 marks that the
latter administer for the Wredeschen trust fund.
Source: Das Revaler Rentenbuch.
Language: German.
Anno 1428. Int jar alze hijr
vorgescreuen steed des vridages nae sunte Bartholomeus dage doe bekande vor
vnseme sittenden stole des rades Herman Gryse, dat he vntpfangen vnde vpgebort
hefft van hern Johanne Palmedage vppe syn inwonlike erue, belegen in der
monykestraten, myt vulbort synre husvrouwen 100 marck rig. de der Wredeschen
thobehoren, dar Herman vorbenomet alle jaer vppe de hoegetijt to paeschen 6
marck rig. vor sall to rente geuen. Vnde we
van dem anderen wil, de sall dem anderen ½ jar to vorn thoseggen.
Comments: Herman Gryse (†1454) was a burgher in
Tallinn, member of the Tafelgilde
from 1403 and its ealdorman from 1430, member of the Great Guild from 1432 and
its ealdorman in 1439-41. It was probably the same house that he mortgaged to
the Tafelgilde for yet another loan
in 1430 23/3*. ● On Johan Palmedach, see 1419
3/11.
Published:
Publikationen aus dem Revaler
Stadtarchiv vol. V no. 747.
|
Tallinn |
Convent of Tallinn |
The trust fund of Vicke Omund lends 16 marks to Shoemaker Hans Kuzeke in
Tallinn for which he is to pay 1 mark annually at St. Philip’s and St.
James’ Day (1/5) to the Friars Preachers in Tallinn for a mass in favour
of Vicke Omund, his wife and family. If Hans Kuzeke or his heirs should wish to
redeem the loan, this should be done to the city council of Tallinn, who is
then to decide what to do with the money.
Source: Das Revaler Rentenbuch.
Language:
German.
Anno
1429. Int jaer alze hijr vorgescreuen an sente Johannes dage ante portam latinam,
doe bekande vor vnseme sittenden stole des rades Hans Kuzeke, de schomeker, dat
he hefft vntfangen vnd vppgebort van den vormundern Vicke Omundes 16 marck
rig., dar Hans erbenom. vor geuen sall vnd will alle jaer 1 marck rig. to rente
vppe de hoeghtiit sente Philippi et Jacobi den prediker broderen to sente
Katherinen to ener dechtniß, dat ze god bidden vor Vicken vnd vor syne
hwssvrouwen vnd vor er slechte. Dit vorwisset Kuzeke myt syme inwonlike erue,
belegen in der ridderstraten, wes id beter is, dan 3 marck geldes, de he dar
vpp schuldich is houedgud myt der rente. Vnd wan Hans Kuzeke edder weme dit
erue horet, dit houedgud myt der rente afflegen willen, de antworden dat gelt
deme rade dat ze id keren, wor id en nutte dunket.
Comments: Apparently, Vicke Omund was dead at this
time without leaving any heirs.
Published: Publikationen aus dem
Revaler Stadtarchiv vol. V no. 767.
|
(Turku) |
Convent of Turku |
The city council of Turku informs the council of Tallinn about the
arsonist and thief, Herman Smith, who is accused of deliberately having caused
a destructive city fire in Turku, and to have stolen tools from Blackfriars
Priory in Turku for breaking up the collection box in the neighbouring St.
Henry’s Cathedral. As Herman Smith is believed to have run off to
Tallinn, the council has sent two Turku burghers to Tallinn and asks that the
culprit is arrested and surrendered to them for just prosecution in Turku
– or alternatively that he is prosecuted in Tallinn.
Source: Original document. Tallinn City
Archives.
Language: German.
Den ersamen
wysen unde beschedenen mannen, borgermester unde radmanne tho Revele, unsen
leven vrunden, kome desse breff myt werdycheit.
Ersamen unde wysen mannen, heren
borgermester unde radmanne der stat Revele, unsen leven, besundergen guden
vrunden. Wy don jw myt ersamer grote wytlik, also wy vornomen hebben, dat in
juwe stat gekomen ys ein grot misdeder, sin name ys genomet Herman Smyt, de uns
unse stat so jamerliken vorbrant hevet unde uns enen unvo[r]winliken schaden
gedan hevet. Item also dat vur overwoldich wart in dem closter, do nam de
vurgenomede Herman syne yseren tangen unde hamer unde lep in sancte Henrix
domkerke unde brak dar up beslagene stocke, dar Godis offer inne was, unde nam
dat gelt myt sich ut dem lande. Ok is uns berycht, dat gy den vurgenomeden
Herman hebben in juwe velicheit genomen. Wy hopen des to juwer ersamer
vorsichticheit, dat gy sodanne personen unde enen groven misdeder nicht en
velegen vor sodanne vurgenomede sake, also de vurschreven Herman in dem lande
gedan hevet. Item wy senden to juwer ersamcheyt twe unser medeburgers, Hans
Knesten unde Jacob Laurensson, to behinderen unde to bekummerende den vurschreven
misdeder Herman. Unde mochte dat wesen, so ys dat unse hogelike unde vruntlike
bede to juwer ersamcheit, dat gy uns willen senden den vurschreven Herman hir
to Abo by unsen medeborgers Hans unde Jacobe vurgenomet, wente uns dar grote
macht an licht umme sake wille. Unde mach dat nicht geschen hir overtosenden,
so bidde wy juwe ersamcheit begerende myt vlite, dat gy unsen medeborgers, also
Hans unde Jacob vurschreven, wesen gunstich unde beholpelik mit jwme rechte,
also dat deme misdeder Herman recht weddervare. Ersamegen unde vursichtigen
heren unde besundergen guden vrundes. Bewyset jw hir vruntliken an. Dat willen
wy altiit vurschulden myt allem gude, wor wy mogen. Nicht mer to dusser tiit,
siit Gode alzmechtigen bevolen to ewigen thiiden. Geschreven
under unser stat ingesegel, in deme XXIX jar uppe vincula Petri.
Borgermester unde radmanne tho Abo.
Comments: According to the episcopal chronicle of
Turku, the fire took place in 1429 2/6.
Published: Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches
Urkundenbuch 1. ser. vol. VIII no. 53; Finlands Medeltidsurkunder no. 1902.
|
Tallinn |
Convent of Tallinn |
Herman Gryse mortgages his property in Friars Street (‘Monnikestraten’)
in Tallinn to the Tafelgilde as security for a loan of 200 marks; the
house is situated between those of Tideke van Bodeken and Godeke Pote.
Source: Das Revaler Rentenbuch.
Language:
German.
Int jar
vorgescreuen [1430] des donrdages vor letare quam vor vnsen sittenden stol des
rades Hermen Gryse vnde bekande, dat he mit vulbort siner husvrouwen hadde
vntfangen vpp sim inwonlike erue, belegen in der monnikestraten twisschen
Tideken van Bodiken vnd Godeken Pæte, van den vormunderen der tafelgilde
200 marck rig., dar he van alle jar to rente geuen sall vppe de hochtiit to
paeschen vor islike hundert marck 6 marck. Vnde we van deme anderen wil, sal
deme anderen ½ jar touorn toseggen.
Comments: On Herman Gryse, see 1428
27/8. ● The Tafelgilde of
Tallinn was one of the city’s minor guilds dedicated to the feeding of
the poor. Herman Gryse had become ealdorman of the guild the very same year. ●
Tideke van Bodeken (†1458) was a merchant and burgher of Tallinn. Also
Godeke Pote was a Tallinn burgher, both of them were also members of the Tafelgilde.
Published: Publikationen aus dem
Revaler Stadtarchiv vol. V no. 773.
|
Tallinn |
Convent of Tallinn |
Tideke van Westen mortgages his house in Friars Street in Tallinn for
100 marks to the trust fund of Andreas Smeding’s children.
Source: Das Revaler Rentenbuch.
Language:
German.
Int jar
vorgescreuen [1431] des donrdages vor palmen quam vor vnsen sittenden stol des
rades Tideke van Westen vnde bekande, dat he mit vulbort ziner husurouwen
(…) hadde vntfangen van den vormundern zaligen Smedinges kinderen 100
mark rig. (…). Dit gelt mit der rente vorwisset he den kindern mit zineme
inwonliken erue, belegen in der monnike straten bi hern Hinrikes Schelewendes
erue aldernegest. (…)
Comments: The owner of the neighbouring house, Hinrick
Schelewendt (the older), was mayor of Tallinn in the period 1439-1443.
Published: Publikationen aus dem
Revaler Stadtarchiv vol. V no. 790.
|
Lyon |
Province of Dacia, Convent of Stockholm |
Fr. Gregorius, lector of the Friars Preachers in Stockholm, represents the
province of Dacia as diffinitor at the general chapter in Lyon.
Source: Acta
capitulorum generalium OP.
Language: Latin.
In nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti, amen. Hec sunt
acta capituli generalis apud Lugdunum celebrati anno Domini MCCCCXXXI sub
reverendissimo sacre theologie professore fratre Bartolomeo Texerii ordinis
predicatorum generali magistro, existentibus diffinitoribus reverendis
patribus: (…) fratre Gregorio lectore Stoccilomenz diffinitore provincie
Dacie, (…). Expliciunt acta capituli generalis Lugduni celebrati in festo
penthecostes anno Domini MCCCCXXXI.
Comments: On Fr. Gregorius, see 1418 9/8.
Published:
Monumenta Ordinis Fratrum
Praedicatorum Historica vol. VIII, p.208.
|
Convent of Bergen or Nidaros |
The Venetian merchant Pietro
Querini is shipwrecked on a rock south of Røst on Lofoten, from where he
and the survivors of his crew are saved and brought to Røst in February
by local fishermen. A German(-speaking) Friar Preacher, who serves as priest
for the fishing community counting 120 souls, acts as interpreter for the
Italians, for which he demands a fee of 2 kroner per crewmember per month. The
friar and the Italians leave Røst in May with a vessel going to Nidaros
and Bergen, where the fishermen are to sell their fish, and the friar pays a
part of his income to the archbishop of Nidaros.
Source: Viaggio del Pietro Querini.
Language: Italian.
(…) et cosi li nostri duoi andorono in detta barca,
et con atti cercauano di farli intendere il bisogno nostro, perche con parolaniuna
delle parti si poteua intendere, et partironsi vn giorno di uenerdi rimanendo
noi in grande speranza, et asperttan do che’l giorno sequente venisseno
per noi, accadette che non apparuene messo ne ambascia ia, onde la notte del
sabbato venendo la domenica dimorammo in grandi sospiri, et fastidiosi
pensieri, estimando che per esser la barchetta di piccola portata et troppo
caricata, per il cam min si fosse rouersciata, ma la causa dell’indugio
pocesse, perche gli habitatori del scoglio, esser do alle lor pescagioni, non
poterono hauer notitia del caso et bilogno nostro, ma soprauenuta la domenica
all’hora della messa, il suo capellano ch’era Todesco, il quale
hauea parlato con vno delli duoi ch’andorono, il quale era Fiammengo, compita
la messa fece intendere a tutti il caso, la conditione et nation nostra,
mostrandoli i nostri compagni, et commossi a pieta tutti lagrimo rono, et beato
colui che prima pote mettersi in via con le loro barchette portando di lor cibi
per trouarne, si che la detta dominica giorno di somma veneratione et a noi
salutifero, barche sei qual prima et qual ultima vennero per noi portandone
copia de suoi cibi, et chi potria stimara quanta et qual fosse
l’allegrezza nostra vedendoci visitar con tant’amore et charita. [fo. 203 r.]
Venne
con loro il frate cappellano dell’ordine di San Dominico, et con parlar
latino di mando qual fra noi era il padrone, a cui respondendo mi dimostrai poi
esso et lui poi che m’heb be dato da mangiare de suois oani de segala che
mi parueno manna, et da bere della ceruosa, mi prese per mano, dicendo
ch’io menassi duoi con me, onde elessi vno Francesco Quirini Candiotto et
Christoforo Fiorauante Venetiano, et insieme seguitammo il detto frate entrati
in barca del principal di detto scoglio summo condotti in quello, et menati
all’habitatione del detto che pur era pescatore per un suo figliuolo per
la mano sempre, per esser io tanto debole, che non poteuo camminare (…).
Erano in detto scoglio habitato d’anime 120 et alla Pasqua 72 si communicorono
come catholici fidelissimi et deuoti, non d’altro mantengono la lor vita
che del pescare, peroche in quella estrema regione non ui nasce alcun frutto.
Tre mesi dell’anno, cioe, Giugno, Luglio, et Agosto sempre è
giorno, ne mai tramonta il Sole, et ne mesi oppositi sempre è quasi
notte et sempre hanno la luminaria della Luna. Prendono fra l’anno
innumerabili quantità di pesci, et solmente di due specie, l’vna
ch’è in maggior anzi incomparabil quantià sono chiamaii
Stocfisi, l’altra sono passare, ma di mirabile grandezza dico di peso de
libre dugento a grosso l’vna (…) et poi nel mese di Maggio si
partono di qual feoglio con vna sua grapparia grandetta di bot te 50 et cargato
detto pesce conduconlo in una terra di Noruegia per miglia oltra mille chia mata
Berge (…). Et quando sono in chiesa, sempre stanno in oratione
inginocchiati, mai non mormorano, ne bestenmiano santi, non nominano il
demonio. (…) Digiunano continuamente li giorno comandati, et quante feste
che vengono all’anno, con christianissima sede l’hanno in veneratione.
[fo. 203 v.]
Venuto
il tempo di Maggio, all’uscita del quale sogliono confur il pesce loro
nell’antedetto luoco di Berge, si preparorono con quello di condur
anchora noi (…). Approssimandosi il tempo del partie nostro per indicio
de lor cappellano, perche era frate predicatore Alemano fummo constretti a
pagar cadauno di noi a ragion di due corone al mese, cioè corone sette
per vno, et non hauendo danari a bastanza, hebbero del nostro tazze sei
d’argento, pironi sei et cucchiari sei, la maggior parte delle qual cose
peruenne in mano del maluagio frate, forse che non se ne fece conscientia,
parendoli meritare per le sua turcimania, et accioche nulla ne rimanesse delle
robe del sfortunato viaggio. Nel giorno del la partenza nostra uniuersalmente da
tutti fummo presentati del lor pelce, et al prender licentia, le donne et
fanciulli lagrimauano, et noi con loro, venendo il frate con noi per uisitar il
suo arciuescouo, portali dell’acquistate robe la parte sua. [fo. 204 r.]
Auenne
che per il cammino s’incontrammo in quello Arciuescouo che’l frate
andaua a uisitare, qual era superiore di tutti quei luoghi et scogli nominato
Archiepiscopus Trundunensis con due suoi belingieri che veniuan remorchiati, et
la sua compagnia era da persone oltra ducento. Li fummo appresentati, et inteso
c’hebbe i casi nostri, condition et natione, molto si condolse,
offerendoci a noi, scrisse vna lettera al luoco della sua sedia chiamato
Trondon, doue è il corpo di S. Olauo, qual fu Re di Noruega, perche iui
doueuamo capitare, per laqual ha uemmo buona raccoglienza, a me su donato vn
cauallo. [fo. 204 v.]
Dansk oversættelse:
(…) Så gik to af vore ombord i båden og
prøvede med fakter at forklare hvad det var vi trængte, for ingen af
parterne kunne et ord af hvad den anden sagde. De rejste en fredag og efterlod
os fulde af håb og i forventning om, at de ville komme og hente os dagen
efter. Men den dag fik vi hverken se eller høre fra dem. Natten mellem
lørdag og søndag tilbragte vi med dybe suk og smertelige tanker,
for vi frygtede at båden havde været for tungt lastet og var
kæntret på søen. Grunden til at vi måtte vente viste
sig at være denne: Eftersom alle folk på øen havde
været ude at fiske, havde de ikke fået at vide hvad der var sket og
hvad vi trængte. Men da søndag og kirketid kom, fortalte
kapellanen efter at messen var slut om vor tilstand og herkomst. Han var tysk
og havde kunnet snakke med den ene af de to vi havde sendt, som var
flamlænder. Da han viste vore venner frem for menigheden, blev de alle
rørt af medlidenhed, og han velsignede den første som kunne drage
af gårde med båd og medbringe mad. Så på denne
søndag, som er bønnens dag og for os var en frelsens dag, kom der
seks både for at hente os og alle som én havde mængder af
mad med. Ingen kan forestille sig, hvor stor vor glæde var, da vi
så dem komme til os med slig hjertevarme og næstekærlighed.
Sammen med dem kom kapellanen, som tilhørte Prædikantordenen, og
han spurgte på latin, hvem af os, der lederen, hvorpå jeg svarede,
at det var jeg. Da han havde givet mig sit rugbrød at spise, der for mig
var som manna, og ladet mig drikke af øllet, tog han mig ved
hånden og sagde at jeg skulle tage to mand med mig. Dem jeg valgte var
Francesco Quirini Candiotto og Christoforo Fioravante Venetiano, og sammen
fulgte vi broderen om bord i den båd, der var ejet af øens
fremmeste mand, som også var fisker. Så blev vi ført til
huset, hvor han boede, jeg hele tiden støttet af sønnen, for jeg
var så svag, at jeg ikke kunne gå. (…) Der var 120
sjæle, som boede på øen, og til påske var der 72, som
modtog nadveren og bekendte sig som fromme og troende katolikker. De har intet
andet end fisk at opholde livet med, for i dette fjerne strøg er det
ikke muligt at dyrke noget. Tre måneder om året, det vil sige i
juni, juli og august, er det altid dag, og solen går aldrig ned, og i
vintermånederne er det næsten altid nat, og de har bestandigt lys
fra månen. I løbet af året fisker de endeløse
mængder fisk af bare to slags. Den ene, som der er flest af, ja
umådelige mængder, kaldes stokfisk, den anden er flyndere, men af
vidunderlig størrelse, hver fisk skulle jeg tro vejer 200 pund.
(…) I maj drager de så fra øen i en ganske stor båd
på 50 tønder og lastet med fisk sejler de til et sted i Norge,
mere end 1000 mil borte, kaldet Bergen. (…) I kirken knæler de
altid, når de beder, og det hænder aldrig, at de mumler
besværgelser, forbander helgener eller nævner djævelens navn.
(…) De overholder altid fasten på de bestemte dage og alle
festdagene, der kommer i løbet af året, holder de hellige med
kristelig fromhed. (…) Eftersom vi var ankommet i maj og det var i
slutningen af den måned, at de plejede at fragte fisken til Bergen,
forberedte de sig på også at tage os med. (…) Da tiden for
afrejsen nærmede sig, fik vi pålæg af kapellanen, som var en
tysk munk, om alle at betale 2 kroner for hver måned, altså 7
kroner hver. Men da vi ikke havde nok penge, fik de i stedet seks
sølvbægre, seks gafler og seks skeer. Hovedparten af dette havnede
i den slette munks hænder. Måske havde han god samvittighed, fordi
han syntes, at han fortjente noget for at have været tolk for os. Dermed
havde vi intet tilbage fra vor ulykkelige rejse. Den dag, hvor vi skulle drage
af gårde, kom alle med fisk til os. Og da vi tog afsked, græd
kvinderne og børnene, og vi med dem. Munken rejste sammen med os for at
besøge sin ærkebiskop og overlevere ham hans andel af de
erhvervede genstande. På denne rejse hændte det således, at
vi mødte den ærkebiskop, som munken skulle besøge, og som
var overhoved over alle disse steder og øer, kaldet archiepiscopus Trundunensis. Han kom med to hvalfangerskibe
på slæb og med sig havde han mere end 200 personer. Vi blev
forestillet for ham og da han havde fået at høre om vor
skæbne, vor tilstand og herkomst, følte han dyb medlidenhed med os
og tilbød at skrive et brev til sit bispesæde, som kaldes
Trondheim, og hvor legemet af Skt. Olav ligger, han, som havde været
konge af Norge. Vi skulle lægge til dér, og brevet ville give os
en god modtagelse. (…)
Comments: It is not possible from the narrative to
identify the conventual base of the nameless Friar Preacher, who most likely
would have come from either Bergen or Nidaros; his German origin or German
speaking skills point to Bergen. ● Jarl Gallén claimed that the
friar indeed was from Bergen and that he was paid three loaves of rye bread and
60 stockfish for his pastoral services, which he brought with him back home to
the Bergen convent (Gallén 1998, 145); the latter, however, seems to be
a misunderstanding of the text, which lists this very amount of bread and fish
as gifts from a local woman to the Italians.
Published: Navigationi
et viaggi vol. 2, fo. 199 v.-211 r.
|
Rome |
Convent of Ribe |
Pope Eugene IV issues a letter of indulgence for the benefit of the
Friars Preachers in Ribe, granted all confessing penitents, who visits their
church on the second days of Easter, Pentecost and Christmas, and helps with
the reconstruction and ornamental re-equipment of the church and priory, seven
years and 280 days of indulgence. According to the convent, their church,
priory and bell-tower have been severely damaged by an accidental fire, leaving
the friars with no place to rest their heads during rain and threatening the
entire priory complex to collapse, which eventually may cause the
demolition of the house. Furthermore, it is stated that the convent on several
occasions has been robbed, and that the friars have been forced to change
location three times.
Source: Transcript. Vatican Archives, Rome.
Language: Latin.
Exponitur pro parte prioris et fratrum conventus sancte
Katherine Ripensis diocesis ordinis fratrum predicatorum, quod ipsi olim ter de
uno loco ad aliam translati fuerunt, et in civitate Ripensi, ubi ultimo
translati fuerunt, ecclesia et conventus una cum campanile et aliis ornamentis
ex casu fortuito succensa et ignis voragine combusta ac in suis edificiis adeo
totaliter desolata existant, quod fratres eiusdem conventus tempore pluviali non
habent locum, ubi eorum caput quiete reclinent, deindepluries a diversis
personis diversis temporibus ab omnibus ornamentis paramentis et ceteris
jocalibus ipsius ecclesie et conventus spoliata sunt, quod, nisi de oportuno
reparationis subsidio eisdem subveniatur, penitus corruent, illumque fratres
inibi degentes deserere et divinum cultum altissimo hactenus laudabiliter
impensum negligere cogantur. Supplicatur igitur pro parte dictorum exponentium,
quatenus eis, ut ecclesia ipsa, ad quam causa devotionis populi confluat
multitudo, in suis ac dicti conventus edificiis huiusmodi necnon crucibus
calicibus libris ceterisque ornamentis pro divino cultu necessariis, quibus
egeri prospicitur, decenter reparetur atque conservetur, omnibus vere
penitentibus et confessis, qui in secundis feriis pasce et pentecostes ac in
secunda die natalis Domini nostri Jesu Christi ad reparationem et
restaurationem ecclesie et conventus predictorum hiis tribus diebus manus
promptius porrexerint adjutrices, septem annos et totidem quadragenas, quousque
ecclesia et conventus ipsi pro fratrum commoditate et quiete fuerint decenter
secundum eorum indigentiam reparati, dignemini elargiri. Concessum in forma et
de uno anno pluri in presentia pape. B. Gradensis. Datum Rome ∙xxiii∙
kalendas martii anno ∙ii∙.
Dansk oversættelse:
Det bekendtgøres på vegne af prior og brødre
af Skt. Katharinæ konvent i Ribe stift af Prædikebrødrenes
Orden, der nu har måttet flytte tre gange fra ét sted til et
andet, og i byen Ribe, hvortil deres sidste flytning er gået, er kirke og
kloster med et klokketårn og andre prydelser ved et uheld brændt og
gået op i undergrundens flammer, samt i sine bygninger så
fuldstændig ødelagt, at brødrene ved konventet, når
det regner, ikke har noget sted, hvor de i ro kan hvile deres hoveder. Dertil
har forskellige personer til forskellige tider plyndret samme kirke og konvent
for alle deres kirkelige klædedragter og yderligere ting. Derfor, hvis
samme ikke kommes til undsætning med de nødvendige reparationer,
vil det styrte sammen i sit indre, og omtalte brødre, der ligger
derinde, vil være nødsaget til at rejse bort og forsømme
den gudstjeneste, der indtil nu så højst prisværdigt er
blevet udført. Der ansøges derfor om, at der på baggrund af
denne beretning og så vidt det er muligt, med forventing om at folk i
stort antal for fromheds skyld vil strømme til samme kirke, af hensyn
til samme kirke og nævnte klosters bygningers reparation og bevaring med
kors, kalke, bøger og andre ornamenter nødvendige for
gudstjenesten, tilståes og tildeles, at alle, der
føler sand anger og bekender deres synder, [og] som på anden hviledag i påsken og
pinsen, samt på andendagen efter vor herre Jesu Kristi fødsel
[besøger kirken], [må blive eftergivet] syv år og
ligeså mange [gange?] 40 [dage af den dem pålagte kirkebod], for at
de på disse tre dage desto villigere skal udrække en
hjælpende hånd til reparation og genopbygning af nævnte kirke
og kloster, indtil selvsamme kirke og kloster er repareret i passende omfang
til brødrenes brug og fred. Dette er tilstået i sin form og med
mangen et år i pavens nærværelse. Givet i Rom den
17. marts i [pontifikatets] år 2.
Comments: Pope Boniface IX had issued two letters of
indulgence in favour of the same convent in 1392 25/3 and 1392 30/5,
also stated to help with the reconstruction and re-equipment of the priory
church, with allegedly had been exposed to plundering on several occasions
within the preceding two decades. ● The reference to the three
translations of the convent cannot be verified from other sources, but it may
suggest that the Friars Preachers in Ribe had been forced to move between
different sites of alternative accommodation during the reconstruction of their
priory. Architectural studies of the church certainly leave little reason to believe
in any complete transfer of the priory complex since its foundation in 1228.
Published:
Acta
pontificum Danica vol. III no. 1679.
Literature: Græbe 1978, p. 18.
|
Tallinn |
Convent of Tallinn |
Bertold Hunninghusen, mayor of Tallinn, founds a perpetual mass at the
Altar of Our Lady ‘under the chancel’ in the church of the Friars
Preachers in Tallinn to be financed by a trust fund of 200 marks, administered
by the city council, of which an interest of 12 marks are to be paid annually
at Easter to the convent – 8 marks for the friars and 4 marks for altar
illumination; the money is currently lent out to Cord Grummen against security
in his house in Clay Street in Tallinn.
Source: Das Revaler Rentenbuch.
Language:
German.
Int jar
vnses hern Cristi 1433 vpp passchen do innamede vnse rad 200 marc rig. an
paimente nu tor tit in Lifflande genge vnde geue uan her Bertolt Hunninchusen
wegene vmme siner bede willen, dar de rad alle jar den monniken der
predikerbrodere to sunte Caterinen binnen Reuall geuen sal vpp passchen 8 marc
rig. to renthe to ener ewigen missen to dvnser leuen vrowen altare vnder deme
kore to den monniken vnde den, de dat altar beluchten, 4 marc tor beluchtinge
des suluen altares; vnde disse 200 marc rig. sin vppe Cort Grummen erue,
beleghen in der lemstraten; derente dar uan to vntfande vpp passchen.
Comments: Bertold Hunninghusen (†1434) was city
councillor of Tallinn in 1413-27 and mayor in 1427-30. ● In 1455 3/5,
the city treasurer of Tallinn gave 12 marks to Hinrick Hunninghusen, possibly a
son of Bertold, to pass on to the prior of the Friars Preachers in Tallinn for
the Hunninghusen mass.
Published: Publikationen aus dem
Revaler Stadtarchiv vol. V no. 868.
|
Colmar |
Province of Dacia |
Fr. Henricus Munk, lector of the Friars Preachers, represents the
province of Dacia as diffinitor at the general chapter in Colmar. The chapter
absolves the prior provincial of Dacia and installs Fr. Henricus Munk as vicar
general.
Source: Acta
capitulorum generalium OP.
Language: Latin.
In nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti, amen.
(…) Hec sunt capituli generalis acta apud Columbariam in festo
penthecostes anno MCCCCXXXIV celebrati sub reverendissimo sacre theologie
professore fratre Bartholomeo Texerii ordinis predicatorum generali magistro,
existentibus diffinitoribus reverendis patribus: (…) fratre Enrico Monic
lectore provincie Dacie, (…). [226]
Iste
sunt absolutiones. Absolvimus provincialem Dacie, et curam dicte provincie
committimus fratri Enrico Monich diffinitori presentis capituli. [240]
Comments: It is not known to which convent Fr.
Henricus Munk was affiliated as lector. He acted as vicar general at the
provincial chapter of Dacia held in Halmstad in 1434
22/7, where he issued a letter of confraternity for the
shoemakers’ guild in Haderslev. The byname Munk (‘monk’) may
suggest an earlier career with the Benedictines or Cistercians, but it was also
a quite common family name in Scandinavia by the time. ● The absolved
prior provincial of Dacia must have been Fr. Olavus, who was in office in 1433
24/8, where he issued a letter of confraternity for a married couple in
Norway; there are no indications as to why he was absolved.
Published:
Monumenta Ordinis Fratrum
Praedicatorum Historica vol. VIII, pp. 226 and 240.
|
Halmstad |
Province of Dacia, Convents of Haderslev and Halmstad |
Fr.
Henricus, vicar general of the Friars Preachers in Dacia, issues a letter of
fraternity for the shoemakers’ guild in Haderslev in which the guild members
due to their devoted affection for the Order are given participation in all the
pious work and good deeds performed by the friars in the entire province, along
with intercessory prayers for all deceased members to be proclaimed by the
provincial chapter after they have died. The letter is issued at the provincial
chapter of the Friars Preachers in Dacia held in Halmstad.
Source: Transcript.
Gemeinschaftsarchiv des Kreises Schleswig-Flensburg, Schleswig.
Language: Latin.
Devotis et in Christo sibi dilectis senatori totique societati sutorum in civitate Hadhersleffwen frater Henricus, ordinis fratrum predicatorum provincie Dacie vicarius generalis, salutem et augmentum continuum celestium gratiarum. Existente vestre, et audivi, erga fratres nostri ordinis devotionis affectione et illius usque in finem perdurante favorabili continuatione, vestris satisfacere cupiens desideriis, vobis omnium missarum, orationum, predicationum, vigiliarum, jejuniorum, abstinentiarum, laborum ceterorumque bonorum, que per fratres nostre provincie videlicet regnorum Dacie, Svecie et Norvegie fieri donaverit copiosa clementia salvatorum participationem tenore presentium concedo specialem, ut multiplici suffragiorum presidio et hic augmentum gratie et in futuro mereamini vite eterne premium possidere. Volo insuper et ordino, ut amine vestre post decessus vestros fratrum totius provincie suffragiis et orationibus recommendentur in nostro provinciali capitulo, cum vestri obitus ibidem fuerint nunciati. In cuius concessionis testimonium sigillum meum personale presentibus est appensum. Datum Halmstadi ipso die beate Magdalene in nostro provinciali capitulo anno Domini 1434 ibidem celebrato.
Comments: Fr. Henricus had
been appointed vicar provincial at the general chapter in 1434 16/5. ● Nothing is here stated about
the convent of Friars Preachers in Haderslev, but it must be presumed that this
convent had intermediated the contact. ● An almost
identical letter of confraternity was issued for the same guild of shoemakers
in Haderslev by Prior Provincial Raymundus of Dacia in 1424
16/4.
Published: Danmarks Gilde- og Lavsskraaer vol. II no. 20.
|
Convent of Tallinn |
Last will and testament for Ludeke Witte, burgher in Tallinn, in which
he leaves 10 marks to the Friars Preachers in Tallinn: 5 marks for their church
and 5 marks for the needs of the convent.
Source: Original document. Tallinn City Archives
Language: German.
In Godes namen, amen. Wante de
mynssche geboren wert in disser werlde to blyvende und nicht en wet de stunde
sines dodes, wente se tomale twyvelaftich und unseker is, und jodoch de dot
zeker und wisentlik is, hirumme so hebbe ik Ludeke Witte (…) myn testament
und mynen lesten willen in desser nagescrevenen wijse to werdende und to
blyvende. (…) Item der domkerken 5 mrc.
Riig. to dem buwthe. Item to sunte Nyccolauesse 5 mrc. to dem bouwe. Item der
suester kerken 4 mrc. to dem bouwe. Item to sunte Olve 5 mrc. to dem bouwe, und
to dem bouwethe der monke kerken to sunte Katrynen 5 mrc. und darsulves dem
koventhe 5 mrc. tho erer notrofft. (…) Gescreven in den jare unses Heren
Cristi dusent veerhundert und viff und duertich jar, des negesten vrijdages na
Antonye.
Published: Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches
Urkundenbuch 1. ser. vol. VIII no. 896.
|
(Tallinn) |
Convent of Tallinn |
Fr. Johannes Lange, prior of the Friars Preachers in Tallinn, is
recommended by the city council of Tallinn to the Teutonic Order’s landmeister
of Livonia and the commander of Viljandi, who are kindly asked to help him in
his business for his convent.
Source: Concept. Tallinn City Archives.
Language: German.
Scriptum
magistro Livonie sequenti die sancti Servacii episcopi. Similiter commendatori
in Vellin.
Post salitacionem. Erwerdige leve
holde here. Wij bidden jwer herlicheit to wetende, wo wij wol vornomen hebben,
dat disse jegenwordige breffbringer, broder Johan Lange prior des conventes
binnen Revall ordens der predekerbrodere, etlike sake unde dreplike werve, dar
sineme convente macht an is, alse he uns berichtede, an jwe herlicheit to
wervende hevet etcetera. Worumme wij jwe lovesame herlicheit andechtliken bidden
vormidst vlijtigem bogere, den vorbenomeden broder Johanne to horende unde em
in sinen rechtverdigen saken unde werven gunstich, vorderlik unde behulpen umme
unsir bede unde vordenstes willen to wesende.
Comments: The concept is not dated by year, but Fr.
Johannes Lange is otherwise only known as prior in January 1431, an office he
still did not hold in March 1428 and no longer held in 1436 5/1. ● On Fr.
Johannes Lange, see 1425 28/9. The nature of his business with the
Teutonic Order’s representatives in Riga and Viljandi is not known.
Published: Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches
Urkundenbuch 1. ser.
vol. VIII no.
381.
|
Stockholm |
Convent of Stockholm |
Johan
Mintare [:‘moneyer’] sells a house beneath Blackfriars Slope in
Stockholm to Heine From.
Source: Stockholm
stads jordebok.
Language: Old
Swedish.
Anno Domini MCDXXXV die sancte Barbare virginis fore borghamestaromme herra Johan Westfael [oc] herre Werner Gest, radheno nærwarande stodh a radzstuwonne her Johan Mintare war stadz borghamæstare wæl forthænkter mædh beradhno modhe ok loth up sinom maghe Heyne Frome thæt stenhusit som han siælfuer sat vti mædh allom tillaghum uppe oc nidhre engho vndan takno fri ok quijt til æuerdhelica ægho hanom hans hustru oc thera arfuom. Thæt ær belæghit upa vdden nidhan swartbrødhra brink nordhan for Pether Crusa bakerhuss. (…)
Published: Stockholm
stads jordebok vol. I, p. 57.
|
Aalborg |
Convent of Viborg |
Fr.
Michael Gunnei, guardian of the Friars Minor in Aalborg, and Fr. Canutus of the
Friars Preachers in Viborg are, among other clergy, admitted to the Corpus
Christi Guild of Aalborg.
Source: Original
protocol of the Corpus Christi Guild, Aalborg. Diocese Library of Aalborg.
Language: Latin and
Danish.
(...) Nomina sacerdotum tam secularium quam regularium. Broder Michel Gundissøn, gardianus i graabrøder closter i Alborg. Herre Jens Terkilssøn af Ribe. Herre Niels Buntmagere. Broder Knut aff swortebrødere aff Wiborg. Herre Nielss aff Spøttorp. (...)
Dansk oversættelse:
(...) Navne på præster såvel sekulære som regulære: Broder Mikkel Gunnesen, gardian i gråbrødrekloster i Aalborg; hr. Jens Terkildsen af Ribe; hr. Niels Buntmager; broder Knud af sortebrødrene i Viborg; hr. Niels af Spøtrup (...).
Comments: The admissions are
not dated, but the list of guild members covers the period from 1431 (when the
guild was founded) to 1456, and as it seems to be chronologically ordered and
the section in question is at the beginning of the list, it seems fair to date
the admission to the first half of the 1430s. ● According to the
protocol, the Corpus Christi Guild of Aalborg,
which was also known as the ‘Parrot Guild’ (Papegøjelavet), was founded in 1431 by Mayor Peder Ilfarsen
of Aalborg. It was run by the mayors and city council of Aalborg, along with
two elected ‘providers’ (skaffere),
one Danish and one German. The guild primarily admitted merchants and artisans,
but also counted several high-ranking clergy among its members, such as the
bishops of Børglum and Viborg, and various abbots and priors of northern
Jylland. The main ecclesiastical relation of the guild does, however, appear to
have been the convent and church of the Friars Minor in Aalborg. ● Fr. Canutus of the Friars Preachers in
Viborg is not known from any other sources, but he is recorded in the same
protocol’s list of deaceased guild members, probably from the period c.
1431-40*. He appears to have been an initiated priest, as this part of the
list only included such priests of the regular and secular clergy alike. ●
Fr. Canutus’s function in the guild is not stated, but it may have been
similar to that of Fr. Sommer of the Friars Minor, who was admitted in 1455
“on the conditions that he shall say a whole mass once a week, as long as
he lives and bothers, for the salvation of the brothers of this guild, alive
and dead, and for this he shall be free to drink in this guild on all
accounts” (item broder Sommer i graabrødre kloster wurt broder
her i laghet met so skiel, at han skall holle en heel messe en tiid huer vghe,
so lenghe han lewer och gider, for thette lagx brødere, leuendes oc
døde, theres bestannelsæ; ther met skal han wære frii her i
laghet i alle laghe drykke) (DGLS vol. I no. 98 (p. 627)).
Published: Danmarks Gilde- og Lavsskraaer vol. I no. 98 (p. 653).
|
Stockholm |
Convent of Stockholm |
Fr. Lydechinus
van Haghen, lector of the Friars Preachers in Stockholm, confirms that he has
handed over all his hereditary estate in Stockholm after his father Henrik van
Haghen to his brother Jakob van Haghen in return for 100 marks, of which Jakob
has already paid 60, while the remaining 40 marks shall be paid to the convent,
from which Fr. Lydechinus has borrowed a corresponding amount.
Source: Stockholm
stads jordebok.
Language: Old
Swedish.
Alla mæn som thætta breff see eller høra læsa helsar jak brodher Lydeca van Hafuen lector aat swartbrødhra i Stokholm kærlica mædh Gudhi, kungør jak ok bekænnis mædh thætta mit nærwarande opit breff at haffua fulkomlica vnt oc uplatit minom ælskelica brodher Jacob van Hafuen allan min ærffdhalut ok æghodela her i Stokholm hwar thæt hælzt ær som mik mædh rætta tilfallit ær effter min ælskelica fadher Henrik van Hafuen ok effter mijn sydzskene Gudh alles thera siæl nadhe fore hulkin ærfdhalut ok æghodela han mik giffua scal hundradha mark swenska pæninga stokholmst mint thær jak al redho aff upburit hafuer sextighi marker aff Herman Siwertz upa min fornempda brodhers wæghna, ok the andra firitighi marker som i geen sta skal han gifua wart fornempda conuent for the firitighi marker som jak nw i thætta sin upburit haffuer ok laantaghit hafuer. Thy nar han thæssa forscrifna firitighi marker hafuer waro forscrifno conuent upa mina wæghna fornøght eller betalat, tha ær han mik lidhugh ok løss vm forscrifna hundradha marker for allahanda eftermaning ok thær mædh tha affhænder jak mik thæssa forscrifna æghodela oc ærffualut ok til æghnar thøm minom forscrifna brodher ok hans rættom ærffuingom til æuerdhelica ægho vtan fals. Til ytermere wisso ok sannind tha haffuer jak bidhit beskedhelica mæn Olaff Swarta radhman i Stokholm ok Peter Ywen borghara samastadz at the hængin thera incighle til tyghe ok witnisbyrdh for thætta breff. Datum et actum Stokholm anno Domini MCDXXX sexto in vigilia vigilie nativitatis Domini in testimonium premissorum.
Comments: On Fr. Lydechinus
van Haghen, see 1457 16-23/6. ● The
debt of the remaining 40 marks was settled in 1438 17/2,
when Jakob van Haghen paid for a bell delivered to the convent.
Published: Stockholm
stads jordebok vol. I, p. 78.
|
Stockholm |
Convent of Stockholm |
Fr. Alf
Kruse, prior of the Friars Preachers in Stockholm, sells a farm in Shoemaker
Street in Stockholm to Thomas Kannogiutare (:‘pewterer’).
Source: Stockholm
stads jordebok.
Language: Old
Swedish.
Anno eodem [:Domini MCDXXXVII] in
profesto visitationis beate virginis stodh a radzstuwonne hedherliken
reenlifuis man brodher Alff Cruse priare i swartbrodhra clostre fore
borghamæstaromme her Olaff Swarta [oc] herra Johan Hoppener, radheno
nærwarande wæl forthænkter mædh beradhno modhe ok lot
up Tomas Kannogiutara en gardh belæghin a Skomakara gatu a østre
sidhonne i mællen hustru Kathrin Mintara kællara ok Sigfridh Skomakara
gardh hulkin som langer ær ∙xxv∙ alin fran gatunne in
til Martin Gulsmidz erfue ok bredher nær Martin Gulsmidh ∙xvii∙
alna oc ∙i∙ quarter oc bredher nidhan til widh gatuna ∙xvij∙
alin. Thænna fornempda gardh mædh hws ok jordh affhænde
priaren sik ok sinom efterkomandom oc til æghnadhe han Tomas Kannogiutara
fornempdon oc hans arfuom fri oc quijt til æuerdhelica ægho. Melis
mæn til fornempda tompt Sigfridh Skomakare, Laurenz Gregersson ok Olaff
Niclisson.
Comments: Fr. Alf Kruse was also prior of the Friars
Preachers in Stockholm, when he in 1440 4/6 witnessed an exchange of
real estate between two laypeople. He was still prior of the same convent in 1453 2/4 and 1453 16/4. Shortly
before April 1453, he returned from a journey to Rome; the journey may have
been for the General Chapter of the Order in 1451. He was the brother of Peder
Kruse, who held property in Stockholm. The two brothers acted together
financially in a case involving King Karl Knutsson in 1446 7/10 and 1454.
● Most likely, the prior here acted on behalf of the convent. How or when
the convent acquired the farm is not known.
Published: Stockholm
stads jordebok vol. I, p. 68.
|
Bologna |
Convent of Turku |
Cardinal
Bishop Giordano of Sabina issues a letter of indulgence in favour of the Friars
Preachers in Turku, in which he grants 100 days of indulgence for anyone who
visits the Chapel of St. Anne “situated in the convent of St. Olav in
Turku” on the feast days of Jesus Christ and Virgin Mary, Pentecost, St.
Peter and St. Paul, St. James the Apostle, St. Mary Magdalene, the 11,000
Virgins, St. Michael, St. Nicholas, All Saints and on the anniversary of the
chapel, and on this occasion helps with donations for the service and
maintenance of the chapel.
Source: Original
document. The National Archives of Finland, Helsinki.
Language: Latin.
Jordanus, miseratione divina episcopus Sabinensis, sacrosancte Romane ecclesie cardinalis de Ursinis, universis et singulis christifidelibus presentes nostras litteras inspecturis salutem in Domino sempiternam. Splendor paterne glorie, qui sua mundum illuminat ineffabili claritate, pia vota fidelium de ipsius clementia maiestate sperantium tunc precipue benigno favore prosequitur, cum devota ipsorum humilitas sanctorum precibus adiuvatur. Cupientes igitur ut capella sancte Anne, situs in conventu sancti Olavi Aboensis ordinis fratrum predicatorum, sub honore sancte Anne et tecta et fundata, congruis frequentetur honoribus fidelesque ipsi eo libentius causa devotionis confluant ad eandem quo ibidem celestis dono gratie se noverint refectos a christifidelibus jugiter veneretur, de omnipotentis Dei misericordia et beatorum Petri et Pauli, apostolorum eius, auctoritate confisi omnibus et singulis vere penitentibus et confessis, qui dictam capellam in nativitate, epyphanie, parasceves, resurrectionis, ascensionis et corporis Domini nostri Jesu Christi, pentecostes, necnon in nativitatis, annuntiationis, purificationis, visitationis, conceptionis et assumptionis beatissime semper virginis Marie, beatorum Petri et Pauli ac Jacobi apostolorum et beate Marie Magdalene, undecim millium virginum, sancti Michaelis archangeli, sancti Nicolai pontificis et confessoris, omnium sanctorum et ipsius capelle dedicationis festivitatibus et celebritate devote visitaverint annuatim et ad reparationem et conservationem edificii calicum, librorum et aliorum ornamentorum pro divino cultu necessariorum, quocienscumque manus porrexerint adiutrices singulis videlicet festivitatum et celebritatis, centum dies de injunctis eis penitentiis pro eorum culpis ordinarii accedente assensu misericorditer in Domino relaxamus. In quorum omnium et singulorum fidem et testimonium premissorum has nostras patentes litteras fieri fecimus nostrique pontificalis sigilli jussimus appensione communiri. Datum Bononie, in conventu fratrum minorum, nostre solite residentie, sub anno a nativitate Domini MCDXXXVII, indictione quintadecima, die vero ∙xxiiii∙ mensis decembris pontificatus sanctissimi in Christo patris et domini nostri domini Eugenii, divina providentia pape ∙iiii∙, anno septimo.
Comments: The chapel of St. Anne
has been a disputed topic among Finnish historians, associated with an alleged
Nunnery of St. Anne in Turku belonging to the Order of Preachers (see 1414
21/9). Although there obviously were plans to form such a Dominican nunnery
and it well may originally have been planned situated within the town of Turku,
this had since the early 1430s at the latest been changed for a planned
location outside Turku in Reso, before these plans (too?) were abolished in
favour of the Brigittine abbey of Nådendal. Whereas Juhani Rinne read the
indulgence of 1437 as granted in favour of the Dominican sisters in Turku and
their “Chapel of St. Anne under the subordination of the convent of St.
Olav” (Rinne 1952, 202), Markus Hiekkanen has argued that such a nunnery
was never implemented in Turku and that the indulgence clearly concerned a
chapel belonging to the Friars Preachers themselves, probably constructed as a
side chapel to the priory church (Hiekkanen 1993, 128-129; Hiekkanen 2003,
101-102). ● Giordano Orsini (†1438), former archbishop of Neaples,
was cardinal bishop of Sabina 1431-1438.
Published: Finlands
Medeltidsurkunder no. 2236.
|
Næstved |
Convent of Næstved |
A south-eastern extension wing is constructed at the priory of the
Friars Preachers in Næstved.
Source: Transcript in minister’s antiquarian
report of now lost inscription in priory wing in Næstved. National Museum
of Denmark.
Language: Latin.
Jesus Maria Johannes. Anno Domini
millesimo CCCCXXX septimo domus hæc in Jesu Christi nomine est
constructa.
Dansk oversættelse:
Jesus, Maria (og) Johannes. I det Herrens år 1437 blev
dette hus opført i Jesu Kristi navn.
Comments: The inscription was written on a plate on
the building. Most likely, the plate was destroyed when the building was torn
down in 1840. Before that, transcripts had been made by Pontoppidan in Danske Atlas (vol. III, p. 99) in 1767
and in a local minister’s antiquarian report from 1808. ●
Pontoppidan had a different reading: 1527 domus hæc in Jesu Christi nomine
est instructa. Hielp Jesus, Maria, Anna. The last part does, however,
seem to be an erroneous addition of an inscription on an adjacent building,
separately stated in the antiquarian report. ● Whereas the local parish
minister has the year 1437, Pontoppidan read it as 1527, possibly based on a
misreading of CCCCXXX as CCCCCXX. Since the youngest transcript
is the most detailed and accurate in other matters, it is also considered the
most trustworthy in regard of the date (Hansen 1987, 4-5). ● The building
was long considered the northern wing of the priory complex, until excavations
around 1990 established that it was an eastern extension to the southern wing.
Published: Liv og Levn
vol. 3, pp. 4-5.
Literature: Hansen 1989, pp. 4-5.
|
Stockholm |
Convent of Stockholm |
Jakob
van Haghen pays Hans Ræf ‘Grytogiutare’ for a bell delivered
to the convent of Friars Preachers in Stockholm, and thereby settles his debt with
the convent in accordance to a hereditary agreement made with his brother Fr.
Lydechninus van Haghen of the same convent.
Source: Stockholm
stads jordebok.
Language: Old
Swedish.
Anno Domini MCDXXXVIII manodaghin næst effter sancti Sigfridz dagh a radzstufuonne fore fornempda borghamæstarana oc for radhit Hans Ræff Grytogiutare ok taladhe til Jacob van Haffuen vm ena summo pæninga aff hans brodhers wæghna brodher Ludeca for ena clocko som kom til swartbrødhra ok han køpt hafdhe aff hanom thær Hans Ræf war her for rættin wiist til att besættia fornempda brodher Lydeka rænto fore. Tha frijadhe fornempde Jacob mædh eno breff the fornempda ræntona aff brodher Lydeka deel ludhande ordh fran ordh som her effter følgher: (…) Hær haffuer fornempde Jacob van Hafuen sin fridzskilling gifuit upa fornempda køp, thy bør thæt ok skal obrutlik blifua til Jacobs van Hafuens nytto ok bætzsta hanom ok hans ærfuingom til æuerdhelica ægho swa som war stadzræt vtuisar.
Comments: On Fr. Lydechnis de
Haghen, see 1457 16-23/6. ● The
preceding settlement betwen the two brothers, which is cited in extenso, was made in 1436 23/12.
Published: Stockholm
stads jordebok vol. I, pp. 77-78.
|
Tallinn |
Convent of Tallinn, Province of Dacia |
The city council of Tallinn sends two barrels of beer and two bottles of
rum to the prior provincial of the Friars Preachers in Dacia.
Source: Kämmereibuch des Revals. Tallinn City
Archives.
Language: German.
Sonnabend vor nativitatis Marie.
Deme provinciale van Dennemarken gesant 2 tunnen bers unde 2 vlassche romnie,
stunt 4½ marc min 2 sol. mit deme holte.
Comments: Although only referred to as ‘the
provincial of Denmark’, this can hardly mean anyone but the Dominican
prior provincial of Dacia. Together with the time of year this strongly
indicates that the donation took place in connection to a coming provincial
chapter to be held at the priory in Tallinn. ● The prior provincial of
Dacia at this time was probably either Fr. Henricus (known in 1434) or Fr.
Johannes (known in 1443 and 1448).
Published: Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches
Urkundenbuch 1. ser. vol. IX no. 406.
|
(Århus) |
Convent of Århus |
Fr. Olavus, prior of
the Friars Preachers in Århus, and the entire convent declare that they
are fully satisfied in regard to a preceding dispute between the convent and
the city of Århus concerning Hans Goldsmith, who was taken by the city
from the priory.
Source: Original
document. The Danish National Archives, Copenhagen.
Language: Old Danish.
Alle men thette breff see eller høre læset helsær jech brother Oluff prior j Arus closter predikæbrother ordens och alt conuent j same stæth ewijnnelich meth guth. Ok kungøre wij alle mæn meth thette wort obne breff at haffue qwijt orsaghe lethigh oc løøs ladet oc lader oppa forde closters weghne thesse breffuisere fowet borghemæstere raathmen oc all almoghen j Arus for all sculdinge deelæ oc thrætte som forde fowet borghemæstere raathmen oc all almoghe mich prior Oluff oc conuent forde mellom war for then sach och skuldinge at the finge Hans Gulsmijt aff forde closter ok kennes jech mich oc gantze conuent forde eengen sach skulding eller rætt j nogher maade at haffue til forde fowet borghemæstere raathmen eller almoghe eller noghre wore æffterkomer for thenne sach forde oc thacker jegh prior Oluff oc alt conuent forde fowet borghemæstere raathmen oc allmoghen j Arus. Item skeer thet swo at nogher man will them stæffne banne eller wforrætte her amoot tha scall jech prior Oluff sielff følghe æller scriffue meth thennom hwilket them bæst behoof gørs at forsware thennom for wrette for thenne forde sach oc skulding. Til thesse forschreffne artikæll stadfastelich och wbroderlich at haalde tha hænger jegh prior Oluff mijt æmbitz jncighle meth conuentz til wijdnesburth for thette breef. Datum anno Domini MCDXXXVIII die beatorum Symonis et Jude appostolorum.
Dansk oversættelse:
Alle mænd, der dette brev se eller høre læse,
hilser jeg broder Oluf i Århus Kloster af Prædikebrødrenes
Orden og hele konventet i samme stad evindeligt med Gud. Og kundgøre vi
alle mænd med dette vort åbne brev at have kvit årsag ledig
og løsladt og lader på fornævnte klosters vegne disse
brevvisere, foged, borgmestre, rådmænd og hele almuen i
Århus, for al skyldig andel og trætte som var imellem
fornævnte foged, borgmestre, rådmænd og hele almue, og mig
prior Oluf og fornævnte konvent, for den sag og skyld at de fangede/fik
Hans Guldsmed af fornævnte kloster, og jeg vedkender mig og det ganske
fornævnte konvent ingen sag skyldig eller ret i nogen måde at have
til fornævnte foged, borgmestre, rådmænd eller almue, eller
nogle af vore efterkommere for denne fornævnte sag, og jeg prior Oluf og
hele det fornævnte konvent takker foged, borgmester, rådmænd
og almuen i Århus. Ligeledes, skulle det ske at nogen mand vil dem
stævne, bandlyse eller uforrette her imod, skal jeg prior Oluf selv
følge eller skrive med dem, hvilket dem bedst behøves gjort, at
forsvare dem for vrede for denne fornævnte sag og skyld. Til disse
forskrevne artikler stadfæstelig og ubrydelig at holde, da hænger
jeg prior Oluf mit embeds indsegl med konventets til vidnesbyrd for dette brev.
Givet i det Herrens år 1438 på den hellige Simons og apostelen
Judas’ dag.
Comments: Fr. Olavus, prior
of the Friars Preachers in Århus, is perhaps identical to the Prior
Olavus of the same convent, who in 1427 allowed a friar to be initiated
confessor for the Dominican sisters on Gavnø. ● The nature of the
preceding dispute (or settlement) is not clear from the text, but probably,
Hans Goldsmith for some unknown reason had fled the anger and/or legal justice
of city court and townspeople of Århus by taking refuge in the local
Dominican priory and hereby claiming its monastic asylum. The conflict between
convent and municipality then most likely was caused by the latter having
violated the monastic peace of the priory, enforcing an arrest of the goldsmith
inside the priory. When the friars now declared to be satisfied, the city
authorities and other involved individuals had, presumably, excused themselves
sufficiently with both words and monetary donations.
Published: Aktstykker vedk. Aarhus vol. I:1 no. 18.
|
Stockholm |
Convent of Stockholm(?) |
Lage
Knivsmed sells a share of a farm in Stockholm on behalf Fr. Johannes Danielis
of the Friars Preachers to Jøsse Ingasson; the share used to belong to
Dan Olofsson.
Source: Stockholm
stads jordebok.
Language: Swedish.
Item anno Domini MCDXXXIX post in profesto visitationis beate Marie virginis stodh a radzstufuonne Laghi Kniuasmidh mæktugher giordher aff brodher Hanus Danielis wæghna aff predicara orden fore borghamæstaromme her Olaf Swarta oc her Henrik van Husen oc for radhit oc lot up fornempdom Jøsse Ingasone fornempda Dan Olafsons deel i fornempdon gardhe, Gudh hans siæl hafue, mædh hws oc jordh fri oc quijt til æuerdhelica ægho. Thær gaf han sin fridzschilling upa som stadz lagh vtuisa. Thænne fornempda tompt ær lang ∙xxxvi∙ alna oc ∙i∙ quarter oc ∙xix∙ alna oc ∙i∙ quarter breedh. Mælis mæn Hinrik Bloma, Pether Mikielsson, Laghi Kniuasmidh.
Comments: Fr. Johannes (Hans) Danielis of the Friars Preachers
is not known from any other sources; he was most likely affiliated to the
convent in Stockholm. He appears to have been the son of Dan Olofsson, whose
wife, Gerdeke, in 1435 gave her share in the said farm to Jøsse Ingasson
and his wife Christine on the condition that they promised to take care of her
husband for the rest of his life with ‘food and beer’ (SSJ vol. I
p. 56). Thus, it would seem as if Dan Olofsson was not capable of looking after
himself, so his wife made arrangements for him, probably as part of her last
will and testament before she died. When Dan himself died in 1439, his share in
the farm was inherited by the supposed son, Fr. Johannes, who sold it on to
Jøsse. ● Lage ‘Knivsmed’ (: ‘knife-smith’,
‘cutler’), who represented Fr. Johannes before the Stockholm city
council, was also present as witness when the initial agreement was made in
1435, and thus appears to have been a friend of the family.
Published: Stockholm
stads jordebok vol. I pp. 56-57.
|
Cologne |
Province of Dacia |
Fr. Christianus Svenonis and Fr. Ludolphus de Hagen, both of the Friars
Preachers in Dacia, are matriculated at the University of Cologne as students of
theology.
Source: List of matriculations for
the University of Cologne.
Language: Latin.
Frater Cristiernus Swenonis de
provincia Dacie, ordo predicatorum; ad theologiam; solvit.
Frater
Ludolphus de Haven de provincia Dacie, ordo predicatorum; ad theologiam;
solvit.
Dansk oversættelse:
Broder Christian Svendsen af provinsen Dacia,
Prædikantordenen; ved teologistudiet; betalt.
Broder Ludolf van Hagen af provinsen Dacia,
Prædikantordenen; ved teologistudiet; betalt.
Comments: Fr. Christianus Svenonis of the Friars
Preachers in Dacia is not known from any other sources. ● On Fr.
Ludolphus de Hagen, see 1457 16-23/6.
Published:
Die Kölner Universitetsmatrikel vol. I no. 201,36-37 (p. 412).
|
Rödhene |
Convent of Nidaros |
Archbishop Nils Ragvaldsson forbids parish priests and laymen in
Jämtland to allow foreign priests perform mass and other parochial offices
until they have been in Uppsala and presented themselves before the chapter
with their written licenses.
Source: Original document. The National Archives,
Stockholm.
Language: Swedish.
Vj Niclis mz guds nadh Erchebiscop
j Vpsala Helsom jdher alle klærca Och menegha Almoghan Byggiandes og
boandes j Jemptalande kærligha mz gudh. Epther thz som j wel within Ath
aarom epter guds bördh tusandafyrahundradha oppa fyrathiende aarith
första daghin j martz maanadhe Som war Tidessdaghin nest epter sancti
Mathisse dagh j fastom. Vj görandes waart embitte widh Rödhene
kirkio. och landztingh hallande mz almoghanom j Jemptalande. (…)
Fframdelis forbiudhom wj Biscop niclis forscriffne wndher ban. badhe klerkomen
oc leekmannom at the engaledis tilstædhie hær j landet fræmande
prestom messo sæghia eller annat presta embitte öffua eller bruka
for æn the hafua warit j wpsalom for Capitulum oc presenterat sigh ther
oc wnderwiist sin prestabreeff oc andra sina witnisbördh oc bewiisningh at
the rætfærdughe ohindrade oc skælike æra wtan thz see
the preste som biskedhelighe pelagrima æra. (…) Giffuet scriffuet
oc stadgat widh Rödhene kirkio j fornempda Jemptalande aar oc dagh som
forscriuat staar Til mera wisso oc tessins wars buds högra stadfestilse
lathom wj hængia wart Secret mz witskap thetta breff.
English translation:
We, Nils, by the grace of God archbishop in Uppsala, salute you all
clergymen and ordinary villagers building and living in Jämtland; love
with God. After it as you know in the year 1440 on the first day in the month
of March, which was Tuesday next after St. Matthew’s Day during Lent, we
had our office at Rödhene Church and held landsting with the villagers in Jämtland. (…)
Furthermore, we, Bishop Nils, forbid the above-mentioned under the threat of
excommunication, both clergymen and laymen, that they allow foreign priests to
say mass or perform or use other priestly offices until they have been in
Uppsala before the chapter and presented themselves there and shown their
priest-letter and other testimonials and proofs that they are righteous,
unimpeded and fair, and not see those priests, who are but modest pilgrims.
(…) Given, written and confirmed at Rödhene Church in
before-mentioned Jämtland on the year and day written above. To confirm
our command we hang our seal with knowledge (under) this letter.
Comments: Jämtland is a
province in the northern part of Sweden, a mountainous and sparsely populated
region, during the Middle Ages of semi-autonomous status, politically under the
kings of Norway, ecclesiastically under the archbishop of Uppsala. Several
pilgrim routes led through the valleys of Jämtland to Nidaros. ● The letter does
not state the kind of the “foreign priests”, but at least some of
them are quite likely to have been Friars Preachers, probably from the convent
of Nidaros, who is known to have sent fratres
terminarii into Jämtland (c.1339).
● Similar episcopal restrictions
against parish priests outsourcing parts of their parochial duties without preceding
permission from the bishop are known from Sweden c.1350 and 1396.
Published:
Gummerus, Synodalstatuter… no. 9, pp. 45-46.
|
Tartu |
Convent of Tallinn |
Dr. Johann Molner, physician of Tartu, informs the city council of
Tallinn how he found compensation for the amount due to him from the deceased pharmacist
of Tallinn, Hermann, from the wife of Claus Titteveren, who owed Hermann money.
Some of the received payment is donated by the doctor to the altar in the
Church of St. Catherine in Tallinn. Furthermore, he had confiscated some
laxatives sold by the pharmacist to a skipper, who subsequently had died at the
monks’ priory.
Source: Original document. Tallinn City Archives.
Language: German.
Mynen underdanighen denst tu allen
tyden. Erwerdyghe heren, borghermestere unde rathheren tu Revele. Ik bidde yw tu wethene,
wo Hermannus de apotheker, als he noch mechtich was, dede my welke crude an
søven marc, de he my noch schuldich was van den apotheken weghen, de ik
em vorkofthe. Ok als he ghestorven was unde nicht en hadde, dar men ene mochte
mede tu grave bringhen, do dede my de erwerdyghe vrowe, Claus Titteveren wiff,
3 marc unde heet my ene darmede bugan, wenthe se was em schuldich 3½
marc vor crude. Darmede kofte ik was unde let
ene bugan, alse ik beste mochte, unde de lichte, averbleven, settede ik tu sunte
Katherinen up de altare in Godes ere. Unde wusthe werliken nicht, dat he so vele
schuldich was. Van den vorbenomeden 3 marc
blef my aver eyne halve marc; de hebbe ik behulden. (…) Item als de
apotheker dot was, nam ik myt vulbort Lintscheden baven van der kameren 2
purgacien edder 3 vor eynen schyperen, de dar starff by den mønken, als
ik nicht anders hebben mochte ut dersulven armen apotheken, als ze tuslaten was
mer wen 8 daghe vor syme dode (…).Ys ok, dat ik dar recht tu hebbe, des my
gheantwerdet ys vor dat myne, so dut wol unde helpet my, dat ik by rechte
blyve, wenthe ik ga des tu Gode unde to yw. Got sterke unde buware ywe
erwerdycheit tu langher saligher tyd amen. Dut wol unde scrivet my desser sake
eyn antwerde unde latet my dat vordenen, wor ik mach. Ghescreven tu Darpte in sunte
Bartolomeus daghe. Magister Johannes Mølner arste.
Comments: The letter is not dated by year. Dr. Johann
Molner, a doctor of medicine from Tartu, is otherwise referred to in Tallinn
documents from 1426-40.
Published: Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches
Urkundenbuch 1. ser. vol. VIII no. 389.
|
Aalborg |
Convent of Viborg |
Fr.
Michael Gunnei, guardian of the Friars Minor in Aalborg, Fr. Canutus of the Friars
Preachers in Viborg, and Fr. Olavus ‘of the convent in
Helsingør’ are listed among deceased members of the Corpus Christi
Guild of Aalborg.
Source: Original
protocol of the Corpus Christi Guild, Aalborg. Diocese Library of Aalborg.
Language: Latin and
Danish.
(...) Nomina sacerdotum defunctorum. Broder Michel Gundessøn, gardian i graabrødre closter i Alborg. Hr. Niels Buntmager. Broder Knut aff sworte brødre aff Wiborg. Herre Niels af Spyttorp. (...)
Dansk oversættelse:
(…) Navne på afdøde præster: Broder Mikkel Gundesen, gardian i gråbrødrekloster i Aalborg; hr. Niels Buntmager; broder Knud af sortebrødrene i Viborg; hr. Niels af Spøtrup (…).
Comments: The deaths are not
dated, but the Liber mortuorum of deceased
guild members covers, as the rest of the protocol, the period 1431-1456, and as
it seems to be chronologically ordered and the section in question is at the
beginning of the list, it seems fair to date the death Fr. Canutus to 1440 at
the latest. ● On Fr. Canutus, see c. 1431-35.
● On the Corpus Christi Guild of Aalborg, see c.
1431-35.
Published: Danmarks Gilde- og Lavsskraaer vol. I no. 98 (p. 703).
|
Copenhagen |
Convent of
Helsingør |
King Christoffer III ‘the
Bavarian’ of Denmark donates a plot in Helsingør to the Order of
Preachers for the foundation of a priory with church and all other necessary
buildings and gardens. He also grants the convent access to Ørvid Forest
for timber, firewood, pasture for pigs and cattle, and clay digging.
Sources: Original document. Municipal Archives of
Kristianstad.
Language: Danish.
Wy
Cristoffer meth gudhs nadhe Danmarcis, Wendis oc Gotis koning, palantzgreve paa
Rien oc hertugh i Beyern, helsse alle mæn, thette breff see eller
høræ, kerlighe meth gudh oc wor nadhe. Ther till, at gudhs
thieniste oc loff schall thes meræ øghes oc hans naffn
ydermeræ paakalles, tha kundgøre wy thet alle mæn, the som
nu ære oc kommæ schule oc særdelis the, som i
Helsingøør boo, meth thette wort opne breff, at wy haue unt oc
giffuet sworte brødhræ orden een grund till closterstedh,
liggendis i forde Helsingør sønnen vidh byen udenfore
grauen in till adellwæghen paa alle sidher umkring liggendis til
ewinneligh æghæ, at byggæ paa kirckæ, closter,
teghellade oc andræ hus, ther thøm ære nyttelighe,
abildegardh, humblegardh, kaalgardh oc hawe, at schicke oc fly oc
hæghnæ meth gryfft till indflucht oc udflucht effter there math [magh?] oc nyttæ i alle made. Thy forbiwthe wy
under wor konunghelige hæffnd, at nogher man schall till dyrghes, e hwo
han helst ær, forde brødhre hinder at gøræ
i forde styckæ meth dy..ning, grøfft, byggning,
kaalgardh, hawe, eller købæ eller selghe nogher grund mellom
thøm oc adellwæghen uden forde brødhræ oc
closter till nytte oc behoff, eller nogher andræ styckæ, ther
thøm kan kommæ till hinder eller schade, uthen heller
fræmmie oc forthæ till thet bestæ fore gudhs schyld oc woræ
i alle made, som i welæ haffue løn af gudh oc lodhtagelse aff the
gothæ gerninger, som gudhs nadhe unner ther at schee till ewigh tiid.
Item unne wy forde sworte brødhræ closter i
Helsingøør frii scogh i Ørwidh till byggning, eeldbrand,
thegheloffn, oldenschogh, fægang oc leergrøfft effter therre
nøthorfft till closters bygning. Thy forbiuthe wy alle wore foghede oc
æmbitzmen, hwo the helst ære, oc serdelis paa Kroghen oc paa
Gurgæ, ey hindre eller hindre ladhe forde brødhræ
eller therre budh i forde styckæ under wor konungelighe hæffnd oc
wredhe. Datum castro nostro Haffnensi feria sexta ante dominicam invocavit
(nostro sub secreto) anno Domini MCD quadragesimo primo.
Comments: The foundation was
conceded by Pope Nicholas V 1451 3/4. By then, however, it was stated
that the convent founder was Christoffer’s uncle and predecessor King
Erik VII (1396-1439). The explanation might be a slip of the curia pen, as the
papal administration in the preceding decades had confirmed two mendicant
convent foundations in the same city founded by Erik. It should, however, also
be noted that a later chronicle do state that the Friars Preachers were given locum in Helsingør in 1425, i.e. during the reign of Erik VII. An explanation may be that Friars Preachers, from either Roskilde or
Helsingborg, in 1425 were given a house in Helsingør for visiting fratres
terminarii, which led to an actual convent foundation in 1441. ● An
eighteenth-century chronicle’s claim that the Dominican convent in
Helsingør was founded around 1242
seems to be of little credibility, since no other records refer to their
presence until 1425.
Published: Kirkehistoriske Samlinger 4. ser. vol. I, pp. 58-60.
|
Stockholm |
Stockholm OP |
Fr. Henricus Westphal of the Friars Preachers in Stockholm sells a house
in Blackfriars Street in Stockholm to Henrik Goldsmith for 180 marks.
Sources: A-B. Stockholm
stads jordebok. C. Stockholms
stads tänkeböcker. City Archives of Stockholm.
Language: Old Swedish.
A:
Anno Domini MCDXLII manodaghen
fore dominicam letare ffore borghamæstaromme her Olaf Swarta her Henrik
van Husen radheno nærwarande stodh a radzstufwonne renlifuis man brodher
Henrik Westfal aff predicara orden wæl forthænkter mædh
beradhno modhe wæl forthænkter ok lot up Henrik Gulsmidh sin gardh
mædh hws ok jordh som han belæghin ær a Swartbrødhra
gatu i mællen Gisa Gulsmid ok Raguald Owerskerer hulkin som langer
ær thre alna ok firitighi ok bredher framman widh gatuna aterton alna et
quarter mindre ok bredher bak til half fæmtonde aliin, længden aff
geran bak til ær sæxton alna. Thænna fornempda gardh
mædh hws ok jordh køpte Henrik Gulsmidh aff brodher Henrik Westfal
for ∙lxxx∙ mark oc hundradha. Thær gaff han sin fridzskilling
uppa som stadzræt vtuisar thy ma han fornempda tompt ok thæn sudhra
muren allan uppe widh gatuna oc thæn norre muren halfuan som han
thøm mædh fornempda hws ok jordh køpt haffuer frij ok quijt
nyttia ok bruca han ok hans ærfuingia til æuerdhelica ægho.
Mælis mæn Gise Gulsmidh, schipper Magnus Olaff, Niclis Rodgerson,
Clauus Masso, Pether Tierp ok Algut Gulsmidh.
B:
Mondaghen næsth effter
worffru dagh assumpcionis kome op ffore retthen i ffogetens Per Slattes
nærwaran medh alth radet thesse effterscrifne gode men som tilskickade
wore aff radit offuer ena syn som war emellom erlig man Ingewal Torstensson,
radman, och Mattis Gulsmit emellom theris husom, tha worth sa there mellom
aatskild at the fførfunno forscrifne Mattis Gulsmit sith fulla alne tall
tiil øster wedh sina bygningh ffran søder i nor tiil Ingewaldz
tompt och bygning alt effter gamble jordebokens innehollelsæ anno Domini
MCDLXII pa mondagen næst ffør dominicam letare thaa broder Hindrik
Wesfall aff predicare brødre orden samma tompt och grund solde Henric
Gulsmit, Gud theris siel nade, oc honom tet frit och quith oplath medh
thæss længd och bredh som sama lengd war førenth tre alna,
bredden framman wed gathen ∙xviii∙ alna eth quarter mindre, bredh
baktil ∙xv∙ alen, længden aff geren bak tiil ær ∙xvi∙
alna och saa meltes effter gamle jorden boken ssom fførscriuit star.
(…)
C:
Mandagen nesth epter warfrwa dagh
assumpcionis komo vp fore retten j fogatens Pedher Slattes nerwaran med alth
radit desse epterscriffne gode dandemen, som tilschickade ware aff radith
offuer ene syn, som waar j mellen erligh man Jngewal Torstensson radman och
Mattis guldsmet j mellen thera hwsom. Tha wort swa thera mellan athskyldt, ath
the forfwnno forne Mattis guldsmet sit fulla alna thaal til
øster wijdh sina bøgningk fran søder j nør til
Jngewa[l]dhz tompt och bøgning alt epter gambla jordabochens
jnnehollelse anno Domini MCDXLII pa mandagen nest fore dominicam letare, tha
broder Hinrik Vesfaal aff predicara brødra orden samma tompt och grwndh
saalde Hinrik guldsmet, Gud theris siel nade, ok hanom tet fryt och quit vplot
medh tess lengdh ok bredh, som samma lengd var fyrethij three alna bredden
framma wijdh gatan ∙xviii∙ alna jth quarter myndre, bredher back
til ∙xv∙ alin, lengden aff geren bach til ær ∙xvi∙
alna, huilken forne lengd och bredh thesse sama melissmen och
synemen forde Mattis guldsmede til malto epter forne gambla
jordaboken, som nw her forscriffuit staar. Ther medh sades aff fore retta, ath
thet swa byggies ok fulkompnas schal epter theris melningk och ranzakan, som
och fogaten Pedher Slatte medh her Benckt, her Erick Jensson och her Philpus
Jensson borgamestara ok sielue rantzakade medh thesse epterscriffne gode men
(…).
Comments: The transaction is also referred to in the
Stockholm city records of 19 August 1493 (B and C), when Henrik
Goldsmith’s heir and successor, Mats Goldsmith, had to protect the size
of the site against claims of his neighbour Ingevald Torstensson. ● It is
not stated if Fr. Henricus Westphal (Henrik
Westphal) was prior of the convent, nor if he acted on behalf of the
convent or if he sold the site out of his private inheritance, but the wording
in A could suggest the latter. ● In
the period 1442-1514, no less than nine named goldsmiths lived along
Stockholm’s Blackfriars Street, which connected Blackfriars Priory to the
main town square.
Published:
A. Stockholm stads jordebok vol. I, pp.
111-112. B. Stockholm
stads jordebok vol. II, pp. 239-240. C. Stockholms
stads tänkeböcker vol. III, p.
111.